Canada’S Counter-Terrorism Strategy Is Failing. From The

Canada’s counter-terrorism strategy is failing. From the 2014 attack on Parliament hill to the January massacre at the Quebec city mosque, it is clear that terrorism is an imminent threat, both to Canada and to the world. Backlash against Western culture provides ammunition to extremist Islamic groups globally, which is only exacerbated by the West’s disproportionate military responses to legitimate and perceived threats through drone strikes or other military operations. Anger towards domestic policy decisions fuels far-right white supremacists, and government’s unwillingness to label the violence perpetrated by these groups as terrorism only provides them with impunity. The lack of lack of multilateralism and international†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, this policy is criticized for its disregard of the globalized nature of terrorism, for its indifference to the role of international law and global cooperation in maintaining international support, for its neglect to consider the risks that supporting foreign indigenous forces may engender, for the inevitable resource drain such a policy would generate, and for anti-Canadian narrative that would be incited by terrorists, simply leading to increased attacks. Conversely, another counter-terrorism strategy Canada may pursue is to support UN leadership in the fight against terrorism. Recognizing the global nature of terrorism, proponents of this policy argue that Canada must strengthen the UN’s effectiveness on security matters to ensure any international response to this issue reflects the interests and the needs of all in the global community. Under such a policy, Canada would have to debate all possible counter-terror strategies in front of the UN and would have to adhere to established treaties and work towards drafting more resolutions aimed to limit chemical, nuclear and biological weapons. Additionally, such policy proponents encourage Canada to become an active participant in established international institutions such as the ICC. This approach to dealing with terrorism is criticized however, opponents claiming that the UN is ineffective, slow and tied up by bureaucracy. Moreover, the UN’sShow MoreRelatedEssay on Consequences of the War on Terror in the United States2153 Words   |  9 PagesThe terrorist attacks of September 11 led to a lot of pressure from the public to find those responsible and bring them to â€Å"justice†. In order to do so, President Bush declared a war on terrorism just a few days after the attacks, but little did he know that this very decision would also bring devastating consequences to many countries. Over time, people have been losing faith in the war and in its purpose. Consequently, countries whose economies have fallen under the Military Industrial ComplexRead MoreHistorical Lack Of Gun Control2184 Words   |  9 Pagesgun control debate began after the assassination of President Kenne dy in 1963 due to a sparked public interest in the relative control and safety of guns in America. Prior to 1968, most guns and ammunition in the United States were sold over the counter or by mail order and gun control was essentially unregulated. The first major gun control effort in the United States was in 1837 when the state of Georgia banned handguns. This decision was quickly ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, whichRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad manageme nt practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensiveRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagessave money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experiencedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable

ANALYZING CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS Example

Essays on ANALYZING CULTURAL REPRESENTATIONS Article First and Analyzing cultural representations The U.S. society experienced many categories of the concept of ethnical and racial identity, which is now considered as a complex one. It is thus shaped by personal characteristics, family distinctions, numerous historical events and social and political factors. While there are many ways of the exceptional categories of otherness, which the notion of identity can be assumed, people are commonly defined as other on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, religion and in the modern society even sexual orientation each of these categories has a form of oppression associated with it. Thus, according to Wright (2009), the modern society is also aware of such oppressions as racism, sexism, religious oppression or anti-semitism and heterosexism (Wright, 2009). Despite the fact that in the current world all these groups are equal, in each case, there is a group considered dominant and other considered subordinate (Tatum, 2000). The vivid example of the concept of identity can be traced through Spike Lees movie â€Å"Bamboozled†, a  satire of the television industry that has caught a lot of discussion because of its display of blackface, a question that was not talked about until the release of the movie. There are no free passes in the film and the film maker gives no excuses for the white establishment and hard-to-expose racism. He does not also excuse the black people or non-whites for becoming the literal agents of the story.  The movie illustrates the crisis in the development of television show, the circumstances of which force black screenwriter to use the old forgotten genre of minstrel show, which portrayed black people by the whites. This time, the screenwriter decided to involve Afro-Americans solely notably that the content of show would be politically incorrect and even racist. However, this fact did not create any obstacles for the show to become popular among white and black people. Moreover, the whole show changed totally the lives of its players. The story describes two young black men who due to financial fail use their talent for commercial glory through demeaning themselves into characters who portray black guys with painted faces in the melon plantation. The movie should be noticed by people and history as one of the most important films about race and social status and the misconceptions and stereotypes about the ethnical and racial belonging. There is also a reason to consider how almighty dollar can change lives of people, forcing to change their points of view and integrity to some extent. The question of skin color and black culture is portrayed in the hysterical, contemplative and even violent ways. Thus, the most effective display can be considered the pop culture, gangsta rap and hip-hop in particular. The vivid representative of gangsta rap singers is the Mau Maus group, whose ridiculous actions directed against white people. However, even in their group there is a white person, which makes a viewer to think about such contradiction as something that is against the group rules and beliefs. The other moment shows artificial aspect of such culture, which perceives woman as bitches and Timmi Hilnigger ad as toxic nature of gang sta culture. Men are observed as cool as they do drugs. For decades, racial ideologies supported the historical trade of humans where black people were taking the main role, however, which also created the endless paradox. Such contradiction was in black culture that had both an enduring symbol of unchanging purity and complete opposition to white and something that gave white people new things, dynamism and innovation (Elam Jackson, 2008). That can be considered the reason why black cultures are playing the main and increasing visible role in the culture of white people. Black culture is a key player in the world of racialized cultural exchange that impacted greatly the modern word. Besides, in the age of globalization, black cultures have placed the more visible and complex place. In the U.S., while the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s was fighting against race discrimination, it also went into the twentieth century and led to such changes as acceptable status of ethnical and race discrimination within the mainstream discourse on ra ce (Aboulafia Shook, 2009). In Lee’s opinion, however, and it was vividly shown in Bamboozled, comedy genre was still condemned in the culture industry and the white media assimilating the potency of black culture was still using black people in its portraying of stereotypical imagery. There is at the same time not only the racial white thing among the specific characters of Lee’s movie. He also criticized blacks for being seduced and dominated by the current system of whites and justified their own relation to those stereotypes white people have. The black screenwriter is viewed as a stereotype himself, because of the perfect posture and affected gestures, manner to sends up the black middle class and disaffection form the masses. Only a few black people could connect with him in the audience (Elam Jackson, 2008). What is also important is to pay attention to the African Americans historical lack of control over their own representation and continued unaffected will ingness to perform as those disengaged consumers. During the movie, commercials were also illustrated as those directed at the black consumers’ appeal to their financial and lustful interest of sex, clothing and alcohol. This episode may be interpreted as hegemonic act, which is racialized by ad of clothing from Timi Hilnigger, the parody of which was called by the popularity of Tommy Hilfiger’s clothing line. The words of artist who plays Timmi Hilnigger discussed his open attitude for black people to stay inside their ghettos in broke, because then they would add another million dollars to his enterprise and their place should be on margins of society. This is one of the revealed modern unresolved contradictions of how modern America sees its black citizens. They are free to do whatever they want and are considered equal people and the next moment simple ad directs them completely the other way of â€Å"well-being†. Such ad should call for critical awareness o f the politics, which can find possible ways out from such situation and see the harmful impacts of the commercial trafficking in blackness. In the United States, however, the dominant ideological context in which these judgments are made puts more attention on individualism and the denial of race and class privilege maximizes the tendency to see poverty as a personal failing of every concrete person (Bullock, 2006). Whether one wants to find the counterhegemonic representation of black or white races during the movie, the vivid example may be the character of boss Dunwitty, who confesses that his wife and a kid are black and the office is full of pictures of famous black people. However, his performance of appropriation of what he thinks â€Å"blackness† is a clichà © of the person who above all states that he probably know â€Å"niggers† better than black people themselves. Such satiric stance illustrates that Dunwitty is right since the black man should be always oriented on white culture to achieve certain goals and success, while a white man is already in a advantageous position of one’s cultural privilege and thus can know black people better. However, here is a mistake, as such knowledge is a stereotype with the missing knowledge of the real living conditions of black people. The character of the main hero of the movie, the screenwriter, is the most vivid representati ve of hegemonic person as his actions are directed against white people. However, being a black himself there is no other way to deface white people as to show their negative attitude toward black ones. The position in the company allows him to do that and thus enables the viewers to see that white people are still expressing their hegemonic nature. Even his boss protecting black people finds the idea of show acceptable, however, he understands that such show can harm feelings not only of all black people but also his closest people, wife and kids. In the episode of screewriter death, there is a proof that shows that he is racist toward white people, because by all left means he tries to erase the fingerprints evidence that would make his assistant, the black woman, a murderer. The other example can be seen through expressions of screenwriter’ assistant, who at the discussion of the future TV project is trying to protect black people. She is black herself and didn’t wa nt to make racial sayings toward other black people. Her struggle for protection of black people are the part of her counterhegemony character, which at the same time meets the oppression shown by her agreement on helping to make a show. However, this may be explained by the desire to direct society and let people know that problems of racial discrimination exist in the modern world. During the talk with her brother she was also staying on the side of counterhegemony. However, the viewer can see hints of hegemony as he speaks about the white people to be cruel and use his sister in the vested interest. He himself expresses racial attitude toward white people. The cruel killing of Manray at the end of the movie proves that Mau Maus group were showing hegemonic behavior themselves and their anger was so big that they killed the black guy in retaliation for racial discrimination of black people. It is almost unreal so black people would be engaged in such situation as in Bamboozled in real life, however, the director manages to successfully reconstruct the blackface minstrelsy. African Americans are shown as free people, however, one may doubt that only physically. However, in real life, the identity dilemmas of real black people are no different from those displayed in the movie. Blacks find themselves well represented in the blackface and they are recognized as equal people, however, they are still reminded of their blackness and of what it cost to them to live and be black in U.S. White domination remains highly debatable in the current world despite Lee’s attempt to succeed in renegotiating a identity and stereotypes. Satire is effectively used to engage more people into the existing problems of black people and the history of racism is used to impact heavily on the audience. The bad ending of Bamboozled shows the viewer how intense the sense of helplessness can b e, how humanitys chances can be get rid of and how people can be intolerant to thoughts and views of others. So far, this is a huge gap between different ethnical and racial groups within the U.S. Works cited Aboulafia, M. and Shook, J. 2009. Contemporary Pragmatism, Vol.5, N.2, Rodopi Bullock, H. 2006. Justifying Inequality: A Social Psychological Analysis of Beliefs about Poverty and the Poor. National Poverty Center Working Paper Series. Web. April 19, 2015. Elam, H. and Jackson, K. 2008. Black cultural traffic: Crossroads in global performance and popular culture, University of Michigan Wright, E. 2009. Racial inequality, ContemporaryAmericanSociety. Web. April 19, 2015. Tatum, B. 2000. The complexity of identity: Who am I? Web. April 19, 2015.

4 Personality Types free essay sample

Why are they called Popular Sanguine, Perfect Melancholy, Powerful Choleric and Peaceful Phlegmatic? Popular Sanguine The Popular Sanguine types are lively, sunny, outgoing personalities, who always attract the people around them with their fun-loving temperament. They are humorous, fascinating and outspoken and they can turn even a trivial story into a hilarious event. Perfect Melancholy The Perfect Melancholy is an opposite of the fun-loving Popular Sanguine and because the opposites attract, they usually get into relationship and merry. The Perfect Melancholy is serious, thoughtful, deep and perfectionist. The Perfect Melancholy is called the thinker. Powerful Choleric The Powerful Choleric is an outgoing, outspoken and dynamic person who always aiming and goal orientated. While the Popular Sanguine is the talker, the Powerful Choleric is the achiever. The Powerful Choleric communicates very easily with people and is very confident that everything will turn all right if he/she is in charge. Peaceful Phlegmatic The strong-willed Powerful Cholerics usually are drawn toward the Peaceful Phlegmatics who easily agree with them and will not enter into dispute. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Personality Types or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Phlegmatics are easy going and diplomatic types. They dislike risk, surprise or a hallenge and need time to adapt to the new situation. Although they avoid stressful situations they cope and work well under pressure. Explain or define Noble-self Communicator Noble Self Communicator the one who sees any variation from personal norms as hypocritical and a denial of integrity. Explain or define Rhetorical-Reflectors Rhetorical Reflector the persons who presents a different self for each person or situation. Rhetorically Sensitive a person, who generally accepts the variability of communication and interpersonal relationships and does not try to avoid stylized verbal behaviors.

The Dales to the Border free essay sample

The Northumberland and Durham coalfield is the second most important in England. The large reserves of coal, which are used to operate electric power stations, made the North grow enormously. Iron and steel: there is a large production of iron and steel, which provides the raw material for machinery, heavy engineering and ship building. Textile industry: the woolen industry is largely concentrated in a small group of towns in Yorkshire, among the hills and valleys of the Pennines. The cotton industry is situated in Lancashire. Chemical industry: it is expanding rapidly.The basic elements are: salt, potassium, calcium and petroleum. The end products are: fibers, plastics and fertilizers. 3) Tourism: there are holiday resorts in the Lake District. There are also some historical places in the North. Coal mining Coal mining Tourism Tourism Textile industry and farming Textile industry and farming Important cities: York Yorvik was the capital of a Viking kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dales to the Border or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In medieval times, it was the second city of the land. In York tourists can find glorious churches, ancient narrow streets, old houses and welcoming pubs.Micklegate in York, England The walls surrounding the city of York are fine examples of medieval fortification. The walls remain largely intact. Micklegate, spanning the road to the south, was one of four gates guarding the main roads in and out of the city. In the Yorkshire moors lies the village of Haworth, where there is a parsonage that is said to be haunted by the ghosts of the Brontes. Along the ancient street the ghosts of the three sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne walk among the crowds. Branwell, their brother, still sits silently in the corner of and old pub. Leeds: It is an industrial city which is famous for its clothing and leather industry. It is a river port (the Aire) and it has a well-known university. Leeds, a city located in northern England on the Aire River, is a major center for the manufacture and wholesale trade of clothing. Carlisle It is an important route centre. Hadrian’s Wall is a historical landmark. This wall, which stretches from Newcastle to Carlisle, was built by the Romans to control commerce as customs office and to protect people from the barbarian invasions. Castle in CarlisleHadrian’s Wall, ancient Roman stone and masonry wall, constructed to protect the northern boundary of Roman Britain against hostile tribes. Emperor Hadrian of Rome ordered its construction around ad 122. The wall extended 117 km from Solway Firth to the mouth of the Tyne River and was about 6 m high and about 2. 4 m wide. The wall also marked the frontier of Roman civil jurisdiction. A few sections of Hadrians Wall remain standing in present-day Great Britain. Island Holy Island, also called Lindisfarne, a small island off the coast of Northumberland, England, 5 sq km in area.Holy Island is connected with the mainland at low tide by a causeway. A monastery was established on Holy Island in 635 by Saint Aidan and a group of Celtic monks, who produced the elaborately decorated Lindisfarne Gospels. The island became the religious center of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. In 1093 the monastery was reestablished by Benedictine monks from Durham, and the island has since been continuously occupied. Today, Holy Island is a bird sanctuary along with the neighboring rock islets of Farne.

Lord of the Flies Book Review

Lord of the Flies Book Review Lord of the Flies Book Review Lord of the Flies Book Review If you are looking for the free Lord of the Flies book review, you have found it. The following essay is short but comprehensive. If you are in need of individual book review writing help, do not hesitate to try our professional book review writing service. We are ready to help you with writing review on any book and within any deadline! Our prices are moderate and we guarantee authentic writing. You may also review tips on how to write a book report as well as article on writing a critique: Lord of the Flies Book Review Free Sample Lord of the Flies is more than an adventure story or allegory because of this very insistence upon "odd" objects. By placing his boys upon a mysterious island where is it? Golding forces them to explore the landscape. Earth, air, fire, water these shape and hold the meanings of existence. The four elements the four boys. How convenient it would be if Golding were to equate them! Piggy and fire? Jack and earth? Simon and air? Ralph and water? But we feel cheated. There is no one element for each boy because Golding realizes that even "primitive life" remains mysterious. There is no doubt, however, that just as the Elizabethans employed the four humours based on the four elements he associates personality and element. This association is more lasting than the incantation of old names. The four boys constantly touch the elements, whether or not they realize they do. Because they are bound to different elements (in different combinations) they battle one another. And they torment themselves in their desire to rule (or be ruled by) only one element. Throughout the novel Golding refers to the illusive quality of the island. Simon, for example, sees "a pearly stillness, so that what was real seemed illusive and without definition." Piggy peers "anxiously into the luminous veil that hung between him and the world." Jack peers "into what to him was almost complete darkness" when he first arrives on the beach. Because the elements are shadowy and ambiguous (and threatening?), they defy the vision of all the boys, including Simon and Piggy. Thus we have a completely ironic situation. The boys are forced to return to the elements to exist "originally" but they are so deceived by magical qualities that they cannot clearly judge their experience. Although many critics have complained about the gimmick at the end of the novel the boys are saved; the officer doesn't "understand" the violence which has occurred it is justified because it is another "appearance." The officer allows his "eyes to rest on the trim cruiser in the distance," but we doubt that he can see it or the water with full knowledge. Lord of the Flies is therefore a novel of faulty vision. Can the boys ever see the elements? Are the elements really there? Is a marriage between elements and consciousness possible? The novel is not about Evil, Innocence, or Free Will; it goes beyond (or under) these abstractions by questioning the very ability to formulate them. If you are looking for tips on writing Jane Eyre essay or Great Expectations essay, you will definitely find great tips on our blog! Lord of the Flies Book Review Custom Writing The above book review is free and can be easily accessed by thousands of students. If you are looking for individual help with writing your book review, if you want to get an original book review written especially for you, do not hesitate to order custom book review writing service at our site. We do not make false promises and we follow all instruction points. Our writers are native English speakers. Interesting posts: Papers Psychology Research Paper Proposal Research Help Writing a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Argumentative Research Paper Topics

How the Best Dissertation Can Guarantee You a Dream Job

How the Best Dissertation Can Guarantee You a Dream Job How the Best Dissertation Can Guarantee You a Dream Job According to the Wall Street Journal survey of about 500 recruiters, employers who hire fresh graduates complain that the majority of candidates lack critical thinking and analytical skills. Some chief executives also say that despite the fact that many applicants are very smart and far more observant than their superiors, they seem not to be able to turn their opinions and assumptions into strategies or ideas for company development. If you’re wondering how your dissertation fits into this scenario, it means that you’ve already refused to put your best hopes in it. But it’s never too late to change the course of events if you really want to. We will tell you how the best dissertation can attract the potential employer’s attention at the time when recruiters start turning down the idea of hiring graduates. The Ability to Think Independently If you choose the right topic just within the sphere of your specialization and, of course, your interest, you will be able to research a relevant field of information as well as provide some valuable insights. It will mean that you are able to critically analyze data, draw the most important details from it, and form your own assumptions – and that’s exactly what employers are looking for. Commitment Not in all colleges or universities, students have to write dissertations. In fact, some educational institutions give you a choice, and if you agree to dedicate a great amount of time to research and analysis, it shows how committed, focused, and result-oriented you are. Time Management Deadline is the Achilles’s feet of almost every student because, firstly, it’s hard to portion your time for such a bulky writing assignment especially when you have to start like a year before your actual D date. Secondly, your mind just doesn’t feel that it has to force you to get a dissertation written, again because the deadline is far away. As a result, you begin doing something when it’s a bit late, and the quality suffers irrevocably. But if you manage to do everything rationally and on time, and your dissertation looks decent in terms of both – the quality and valuable findings – this is something definitively worth the potential employer’s attention. Your True Interest in the Industry A well-researched and well-written dissertation proves that you are indeed interested in the major you chose years ago. Chief executives want to see employees who are dedicated, engaged, and invested into their sphere. By completing a lengthy written project at the university, you can show your potential and possible benefits that you can bring for the company. We know that writing a dissertation is one hell of a task. So, before getting to it, you need to actually sit and decide for yourself whether you will really work in the industry you’ve majored in. Then, you must look for the topic which you are able to contribute to. After you have everything settled, dedicate enough time to polishing it, and only then, you can count on it while searching for career opportunities. So, set your priorities right, kid.

High altitude Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High altitude - Essay Example The results, as illustrated in figure 1 and 2, showed that there are changes in the cardiovascular system after exercise. There is increased value in both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. The result regarding the blood pressure is consistent with other researches (Kelley & Kelley, 2000) which indicated that there is a progressive increase both the systolic and diastolic pressure. The result regarding heart rate is also consistent with several studies (Arroll & Beaglehole, 1992) which indicated that there should be an increase in the heart rate after exercise. These changes in the cardiovascular system can be associated with the increase in the release of adrenaline after exercise which can cause an increase in the heart rate and blood pressure (Van Hoof et al, 1989). Figure 1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise. (x-axis: subject; y-axis: blood pressure) Figure 2. Heart rate measured in beats per minute at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: bpm) Also, results showed that there are major changes in the respiratory system after exercise. One observation is that there is an increased value in the respiratory rate (Figure 3). This is consistent with other studies which also showed an increase in the respiratory rate (Posner et al, 1992). ... The decrease in the gas volume can be attributed to the fact that the muscle of for breathing do not work maximally. It is because during exercise, the priority for the supply of oxygen is given to the muscles at work (gastrocnemius, bicep femoris etc). And lastly, regarding the gas composition, it was observed that there is an increase in CO2 while a decrease in O2 after exercise (Figure 5). The increase in CO2 and decrease in O2 is obvious because after exercise because there is a lot of work done. This work utilized more O2 and produces more CO2 through aerobic metabolism (Posner et al, 1992). Figure 3. Respiratory rate measured in breaths per minute at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: number of breaths per minute) Figure 4. Gas volume measured in liters per minute at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: liters of gas per minute) Figure 5. Gas composition of O2 and CO2 at rest and after exercise (x-axis: subject; y-axis: percent composition of gas) Al though not observed in the results, there are also some changes in the nervous system after exercise. Physical activity can actually improve cognitive function (Hertzog et al, 2008). Moreover, exercise can also promote protection against neurodegenerative diseases like dementia (Clement et al, 2005). And lastly, exercise can also enhance the release of nerve growth factors, which help the process of neurogenesis (McAuley, 2004). In the report, it is also stated that the students from the football team will go to La Paz, Bolivia for a series of matches during the break. It should be considered that La Paz, Bolivia is located in a high altitude and this might imply some changes in the physiological activity of the body which should be anticipated. It should be noted

New Articles from the New York Times about Mammograms Research Paper

New Articles from the New York Times about Mammograms - Research Paper Example New articles from the New York times about Mammograms are important in the addressing of various speculations related to radiation and cancer. In addition, the article helps to clarify facts that exist between the value of the screening test for women  suspected to have cancer and those with cancer (Dronkers, 2011). The news report also tries to enlighten the effectiveness of Mammograms in the determination of the existence of cancer at the early periods' stages especially in the development of this particular malady (Botha, 2014). The news article is significant due to its combination of various research findings in its quest to conclude the average effectiveness of Mammograms. Mammograms are heavily relied on for cancer therapy by most states. Despite its futility in the eradication of cancer cell from an ailing person, it is beneficial in reducing incidences of the disease’s severity when combined with the administration of other drugs like tamoxifen (Botha, 2014). The news article has been significant in clearing doubt on the value of mammograms. In addition to clearing such doubts, it has been significant towards enlightening the importance of the mammograms due to lack of appropriate methods meant to deal with this disease especially breast cancers.  The study has elaborated in depth on how ineffectiveness of mammograms results on its application towards cancer patients (Marchione, 2014). This is in terms of the number of deaths caused by this malady whereby a particular number of individuals that have undergone mammograms being high. According to the study, mammograms procedure is not effective in the prevention of deaths caused by cancer. This calls for the need to find out an improvised way of dealing with the predicament, which is an appropriate alternative.  The worth of this study is evident in its indication and elaboration of varied essential facts that entail relayed to the public as well as oncologists to note the increasing nu mber of deaths when using this particular approach.  

Prospero and Ariel Essay Example for Free

Prospero and Ariel Essay She just wants to be. This is why I want Lady Macbeth to show her emotions quite clearly when she is telling the spirits to take her emotional ways. I want her to be yelling these things and perhaps crying as she says to take all these things away from her. As soon as she says Come, you spirits I want her to drop to her knees with her hands spread out above her head, beckoning them to come to her. Lastly when she says to cry, Holy, hold, I want her to just cry silently holding herself tightly, her head down. This would have intrigued both Elizabethan audience as well as today; all though she wants to be apart of evil spirits and kill someone who in Elizabethan times would have been chosen from God, which would be a sin above all sins, not only to kill, not only to trust the witches but to kill somebody appointed from God would be blasphemy. But she would still have emotion showing that she is still human. After this soliloquy I want fog to immerse her to represent the evil that is folding around her and I want the lights to go out. When the lights come back on I want her to be in perfect condition, like it had never had happened. This is when Macbeth will enter. In this first section of the play there are certain words I need the actress to put extra emphasis on. We know that Lady Macbeth is controlling, evil, power-hungry, and a temptress. This is why during this scene I want her to say Thus thou must do, if thou have it hissing the words, and grinning slightly to herself. This represents how she is plotting her evil ways to kill Duncan. Also when she says bear welcome in your eye, your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower But be the serpent under t I want her to have one hand on Macbeths face tracing over it and another hand around his waist, very close into him. I want her to make serpent loud and very clear for it is very important. Elizabethans are very religious as noted before, but the serpent is a representation of the serpent in Adam and Eve. Where it deceives Eve and makes her eat the apple. Elizabethans would be fearful of snakes and they would have dark and evil aspects associated with this animal. Which is why their must be great emphasis on it. I do this to emphasize her control over Macbeth, by touching him and to show him how to manipulate his face, but also how she uses her sexuality to make him do so. Lady Macbeth has the last words in this scene, this shows her power over Macbeth and how she is the one leading. Now Shakespeare tends to keep the last lines a rhyming couplet to summarize the scene. This one though does not fit this pattern, it ends with Leave all the rest to me. This is to emphasize that Lady Macbeth is going to be the one to kill Duncan. This sentence is very important for she also cuts off when Macbeth says We will speak further, this shows how Lady Macbeth is controlling Macbeth; she is giving him no choice. This relationship bond would have also intrigued Elizabethans at this time. Not only was she condemning herself to eternal damnation she also was being the man in a relationship. Woman Elizabethans would have been thought to just smile and give men children, while cooking and cleaning. Lady Macbeth defies this view on woman, for she controls her husband and tells him exactly what to do. While in todays society this would be almost considered normal that she had some power in the relationship. Later on in the play we see a gradual change in Lady Macbeth. The scene where I feel there is the most contradictory to what we first see of her is in act 5 scene One. In this scene we see Lady Macbeths mental state be torn and how she goes into madness. She is sleep walking, and dreaming of the murder of Duncan. Before Lady Macbeth even enters the stage, she is already being talked about behind her back, by people who had once been a lower status then her. This immediately shows Lady Macbeth has lost her status, and control. When Lady Macbeth enters the room, she is holding a candle. This is very significant because it shows how Lady Macbeth is afraid of the dark, and in this case the dark is associated with evil. For this reason I want Lady Macbeth to be holding the candle very close to her bosom and protecting it from the wind or any draft. She must seem very close to it and must not let it out of her sight. When she says Hell is murky I want her to say it extremely slowly with her eyes closed and her face in pain while her hands wrapped around herself. I pay close attention to this because it now shows how Lady Macbeth who once did not care of hell, is now scared of it. I want her hands wrapped around her for this particular sentence to show how she is alone and vulnerable as well as her eyes closed. This further proves that she does have a conscience. This scene is very significant to the audience to see such a change in Lady Macbeth. I would need Lady Macbeth to not look at anyone straight in the eyes; she would have to seem in another world. For she is, she is dreaming. Her hair would probably be tousled to further indicate her inability to keep up with reality, slowing falling into her own little world. We see her trying to rub the blood off her hands (which in reality is not there), we know this for the gentlewoman says washing her hands; I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour and Lady Macbeth says Yet heres a spot. By spot Lady Macbeth refers to Duncans blood on her hands and in her mind she cannot get it off, its a stain on her conscience. Her conscience is controlling her, doing exactly what she didnt want to happen in the first place. She wanted control; she wanted to be able to do this without caring about the death of men yet she goes into madness from doing it. This part is also in straight relation to when Macbeth killed Duncan, for he had said that there was blood on his hands, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? But at that point of time Lady Macbeth had taken it literally, and told him to wash his hands, A little water clears us of this deed;. While now she now sees how it never goes away no matter how much she scrubs. Lady Macbeth feels as if she is a murderer and what she has done cannot be undone. But also to this self hatred and regret she also believes she has made a monster as well. She says Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now? Shakespeare draws immediate attention to this sentence for its a rhyme. Shakespeare is emphasizing how Lady Macbeth knows Macbeth killed her, and that this killing had also helped with the tearing of her conscience. She feels that she created this beast and that it is her fault that the wife of the thane of fife is dead. I want her to say these words shaking her head and crying, to show how much that this one death has affected her more because she did not want her to die. During this scene Lady Macbeth now speaks in prose. This shows how Lady Macbeth has a loss of control and status. It is also very highly punctuated this forces the actress to speak in a broken fashion, which reflects Lady Macbeths state of mind. I want the actress to embrace this and speak with lots of different paces and pitches. I dont want her to speak with anything flowing, every word should b disjointed almost, especially when she repeats what she said in the earlier scenes such as Fie, my lord fie! A soldier and afeard and also Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Oh! Oh! Oh! , which related to what Macbeth had said before Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incardine, Making the green one red. I perceive this as a very sad scene. The Doctors last words in the scene make us pity Lady Macbeth. Elizabethans would have seen Lady Macbeth almost as a devil, today even we would have seen Lady Macbeth particularly evil, but in this scene this perception of her transforms into pity and sorrow for her. We see her being tortured by her wrong doing. The Doctor says Still keep eyes upon her, he talking about God to take care of her and to forgive her of her wrong doing and make her soul at peace. The Doctor knows what she has done, for Lady Macbeth in her dream state is spilling the murder. Even with this he asks for God to look down upon her and protect her from herself. These lines he speaks would have to be much emphasized with a lot of sadness in his tone of voice. Perhaps after his lines Lady Macbeth could drop to her knees and start frantically rubbing her hands with desperation to further make the audience have a touch of heart for Lady Macbeth. All though I think todays audience might only slightly pity Lady Macbeth, while in Elizabethans times not at all. Elizabethans would be glad that Lady Macbeth is in pain and is suffering from her wrong doing, and they would of thought that if you do evil, God will punish you.

Sporting crises :: essays research papers

Sporting crises lay sponsors' most valuable assets, their brands, open to an associated fallout. How they can minimise its impact? Sport is never far from controversy. Whether it be alcohol-fuelled misbehaviour, allegations of drug abuse or inappropriate public musings on a thorny political issue, the national press is filled to the brim with sports stars dragging the image of their employers — and the sports they represent — through the proverbial mud. Such crises can have a major knock-on effect on existing sponsorship partners and the potential for attracting new income to the sport. The medium has only begun to prove its commercial viability in terms of return on investment over the past five years, and some believe that brands are being scared off by the inherent risks of sports sponsorship deals. Football is the most obvious sport whose commercial value has been tainted by the actions of its players. While the game still attracts multimillion-pound investment from brands due to the massive media spotlight it enjoys, many are questioning the wisdom of their associations in light of a seemingly never-ending stream of negative headlines. The guilt of the player involved in many of these cases can be irrelevant. As one sponsorship industry expert says: 'A sports star may be cleared of any wrongdoing following the emergence of a scandal, but would you put him back on the road for your brand? I know I wouldn't.' The flip side of any sponsorship deal is the knowledge that the sponsoring organisation's most valuable marketing asset, its brand, is exposed to the risks that are inherent in professional sport. The key issue is the strength of the link between shocks, crises and general bad behaviour of top-profile sports people, and the image and brand equity of sponsors. In short, when the mud flies, does it stick to the brands? According to David Abrahams, senior vice-president of Marsh Risk Consulting Practice and an expert in brand risk, there is often a demonstrable link between the way in which a crisis is handled by a company and what happens to that business and its associated brand. 'The way in which any crisis is handled becomes a visible test of management capability,' he says. 'If that crisis arises from a fundamental breach of trust or performance, the compound effect of the bad handling can be devastating.' Crisis management The size of the problem faced by sponsors relates closely to an incident's shock value in media terms.

Analysis of as new park case study Essay

Analysis of as new park case study Introduction                   The planning process involves developers, communities, engineers, planners, and government. The involvement of all the stakeholders in planning process ensures that a project is positively implemented in the public interests (Carmona, 2010). The new project would commence as an improvement the old city. The old city was widely used by women and children. Although it was developed 30 years ago, it still remained as the best choice for the people living at its vicinity. It formed the best recreation centre for people during warm winter season. The new park would replace the old trees, grass, and build new shades and buildings that would be used to shade people during hot weather. The case involved closed down of the old city for 2 years and relocation of people living around the city to place where there were no social amenities such as schools and recreation centre. The case represents of unethical issues that pertains to urban planning evident through th e developers.                   The ethical issues include closure of the city and denying people their recreational facility. The new park development would deny people a chance to enjoy their recreational facilities, which is professionally unethical to a developer. In addition, the developer would be destroying people’s heritage on old trees and grass. The modern buildings would destroy the old trees and grass heritage in the new park. Moreover, it is not ethical to transfer people from their own comfort zone where they enjoyed social amenities such as schools, parks and other infrastructures such other shopping malls to a place where they no longer enjoy the amenities. The act is believed to on self- interests that do not care about other community. In planning process, it is important for planners and developers to consider professional ethics while executing their city planning so that respect between communities and the affected people is maintained (Allen, 2009).                   In this case, the most probable solution would be first to develop the area where the two communities would be relocated before relocating them. It would be most appropriate if the government could start by developing infrastructures such as roads, schools, hospitals, and recreational centres before displacing people in towns if the new park would not be avoidable. On the other hand, a new park could be developed elsewhere and the old one be renovated to maintain national heritage. Moreover, the old park renovation should not be closed for a long period and should developers should allow people to access the park even under constructions. The renovation of the park would ensure that the national heritage on traditional trees and grass would not be destroyed thus maintain it as way of protecting the countries indigenous species. This would ensure that people are not relocated from their original comfort zone. Consequently, development of area that the two communities were transferred would ensure that the communities’ living standards would not be affected except their geographical shift. The move would maintain the respect between the communities, planners, developers and engineers as their lives will not be affected.                   The solution approach where the planners would ensure that all the social amenities are developed before relocation would ensure that the professional code of ethics on the conscious on the right of a third party would be upheld (American Planning Association, 2009). In addition, the code of ethics on fairly dealing with all the people involved in the process will be highly upheld. However, the value of professional code of ethics on heritage will be violated through electing a new park and indigenous trees will be destroyed. The planners will have made sure that the decision making process involves all the party and thus no one would be negatively affected by the new project. Similarly, the second approach of electing the new park elsewhere would ensure professional code of ethics for planners to ensure social justice and responsibility not to disadvantage people would be upheld. This solution would ensure that people are not relocated and at the same t ime the national heritage is maintained. The value of heritage that is attributed to indigenous trees will be upheld while that of excellence design and updated design will be violated (American Planning Association, 2009).                   Both solutions would minimize the negative impacts of the planning in the city. However, the best solution will be to design and construct the new park elsewhere near the old park. The solutions to planning dispute safeguard the rights of the people and the professional ethics of the planners (Staatskoerant, 2011).The old park can only be renovated so that the heritage of the city will be upheld. Similarly, there would be relocation of people to new areas and thus they will be fairly treated and their lives will not be affected. In addition, the solution will ensure that people are not denied their rights to enjoy themselves during winter. Renovation for the old park could be done during summer when people are not using the park so that they would not be limited access during winter. The move will impact positively to people living there and would retain the respect of communities to developers.                   The solution would limit the planners, developers and engineers from implementing their own design and planning of the city. In addition, the people would not have a chance to enjoy a modern facility. However, there would still be a chance for them to construct a new park elsewhere in the city and increase the number of parks. One that would be rich in heritage and there other one would be modern. Although space and area allocation may be a problem, a new park elsewhere would stand out for this case. Conclusion                   In conclusion, it can be noted that planners, developers and engineers should highly consider professional ethics when carrying out new projects that would impact negatively to the public. All planning processes should involve all stakeholders and fair implementation of the project should be considered to avoid unethical issues that are evidenced in the case of new park development. References Allen, J. (2009).  Event planning: Ethics and etiquette : a principled approach to the business of special event management. Mississauga, Ont: Wiley. American Planning Association,. (2009). AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Planning.org. Retrieved 13 May 2014, from http://www.planning.org/ethics/ethicscode.htm Carmona, M. (2010). Public places, urban spaces: the dimension of urban design. Oxon: Routledge. Staatskoerant,. (2011). Code of ethics and professional conduct for the urban and regional planning profession. Gov.za. Retrieved 13 May 2014, from http://www.gov.za/documents/download.php?f=147400 Source document

Ambugity and Clarity in Writing

I chose example 2 which stated â€Å"I was thrown from my truck as it left the road. I was later found in a ditch by a flock of wild turkeys. † This statement in my opinion is an example of vagueness. The vagueness comes from the statement that is very unclear. I am having a hard time understanding how this person was thrown from their truck. It is missing information and is hard to follow. This statement allows me to know that the person was thrown from a truck but we do not know how or how they were found by a ditch of flock.This could have been by a car accident or by someone who could have literally threw this person out of the truck. This type of vagueness throws the reader off because they are unclear of what is really going on in the writing, it becomes a problem when you are trying to understand reasoning behind this statement. The second sample writing I chose was â€Å"The online course helps me in a lot of ways. I can use all kinds of resources. The place in the li brary offer tutorials in all different areas, Microsoft Word, Excel and other tutorials.Also, there is services, that offers technical support, tutoring, library help, and then there are financial aid and academic advising. The library section offers help in finding books, journal articles and more. There is even places in math, writing and technical. † This statement is ambiguous because it is open to more than one interpretation. This can be speaking on behalf one online course or the school of online courses. Also when they mentioned that the library offers all types of resources it does not specify which library and where this library can be found. It could be found online or it could be a place where you have to go.When you write a statement it needs to be clearly understood and it should not have your reader trying to understand the statement you are trying to put across. In this example the writer would get that the writer likes online courses but in the supporting sent ences it just goes into stating help from the library and is somewhat confusing. The relationship between critical thinking and clear writing is that they both work together. You have to critically think to clear write. When you are jotting things down your brain is working to come up with these unique thoughts which is critically thinking. They go hand in hand.

Should violent sexual offenders be quarantined essays

Should violent sexual offenders be quarantined essays Albert Bandura was born on December 24, 1925, in northern Alberta, Canada. He was the youngest child and only boy in his family. His parents had no real formal education, but placed a high value on educational achievement. For example, his father taught himself to read three languages: Polish, Russian, and German (Albert Bandura Biographical Sketch 2002). Bandura received his M.A. degree in 1951 and his PhD in clinical psychology from the University of Iowa in 1952. In 1953, Bandura joined the faculty at Stanford University, where he has remained ever since. When Bandura first graduated his studies were behavior based. As he went on with his studies he found that behaviorism was not really his thing and that he was interested more along the lines of learning. Most of his work focuses on the nature of observational learning. Observational or Social Learning Theory is one theory that Albert Bandura is well known for. The Social Learning Theory is the belief that aggression is learned through behavior modeling. Bandura believed that children especially model behavior through observing others personally or through the media and environment. Bandura and his colleagues found that viewing aggression through cartoon characters produces more aggressive behavior than viewing live or filmed aggression through adults (Albert Bandura, 2003). There are four major components of the Social Learning Theory; Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction, and Motivation/Reinforcement. Attention is when the observer notices something in the environment. Retention is when the observer remembers what was noticed. Motor Reproduction is when the observer produces some kind of action to copy what was noticed (Albert Bandura, 2003). Motivation or Reinforcement is the consequence the environment delivers that will predict if the behavior will be performed again. Because I have a child everyday I see the affects of modeling ...

Research Paper Topics

Research Paper Topics Research Paper Topics Research Paper Topics If you are assigned to write a research paper you should first define a research paper topic. You may investigate different spheres such as humanity, social science, history etc. Research paper in sciences generally involves recognizing a scientific problem to be solved, setting up an experiment design to yield useful data, and interpreting the data in the context of scientific knowledge. While writing research paper, you should use library resources, they help you to understand what is known about a given phenomenon, what experiment or project were already done on the chosen subject in science. You should read large volume of scientific literature before research paper writing. However, you will notice that there is wealth of resources which are not relevant to your research paper topic.   You should avoid using them as well as set yourself apart from unreliable article.   From this perspective, articles from peer-reviewed journals are the most appropriate.   While writing res earch paper and looking for scientific materials, you should choose search terms carefully, work from the most recent publications to earlier ones, sorting out schools of thought. Reading a scientific literature helps you to find out the most important and relevant information for your research paper topic. Consult a librarian to determine which resources are the best for your research and whether they are available. Research Paper Topics Tips While writing research paper for humanities class, you have to interpret a text or a work of art within a historical and cultural context, make connections, explore the attached meaning, and uncover contradictions. While writing a research paper, resources are collected for the three purposes:  to obtain primary information to be interpreted or analyzed, to find secondary sources to put primary sources in a critical context, to seek answers to specific questions that arise during research. Writing research paper is often interdisciplinary, crossing boundaries between literature and history, philosophy and art, or music and religion. Because the subject areas are hard to categorize, the terminology used in humanities research may be less solid and agreed upon than in other fields. Researchers in the humanities are more likely to draw material from texts and artifacts than from original data gathering and experimentation. They must be prepared to be flexible, both in search terminolo gy and in search strategy writing research paper, tolerant of multiple perspectives on the same object of study, prepared to use citations from relevant texts to locate other material and clarify connections among works, willing to return to the library as new questions arise. Research paper format is usually specified by the tutor and can be very different, however, the basic components should be preserved:   introduction, research hypothesis, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, analysis, recommendation, and conclusion. Custom Written Research Papers Looking for help with research paper writing?   writers are here to help you with any stage of research paper writing.   We are experienced and dedicated to your academic requirements.   Every custom written research paper we deliver is accompanied with free plagiarism report and bibliography list.

Grandparents Raising their Grandchildren Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Grandparents Raising their Grandchildren - Essay Example This paper discusses the difficulties, benefits, causes and other such factor related to the topic of grandparents acting as parent to their grandchildren. Grandparents who raise their grandchildren have become prevalent as an alternative family.(Bert, 2005) It is reported that 5.7 million children are living with their grandparents out of which 3.7 million live in grandparents household. Various factsheets reveal that there thousands of grandparents in United States taking care of their grandchildren due to numerous reasons. It is not an easy task to identify the exact number of grandparents raising their grandchildren without a parent due to informal relationships. With rising divorces, death of parents, disability, inability to care for their children, have increased the number of grandchildren being raised by grandparents. Kleiner et. al (1998) has classified grandparents into three sub groups as custodial grandparents, caregivers and day care parents. Casper & Bryson (1998) Custodial grand parenting is growing trend in American society with some 5.5 million grandparents have reported to be housing their own grandchildren in the year 1997. (Bert, 2005) It is also reported that the ages of most of the grandparents are between 55 and 64 years and 20% are over 65 years. Caregiver is explained as 'living with' grandparents who provide daily care but do not have legal custody. In such cases, grandparents focus on providing the child with economically and emotionally stable environment. The another classification 'day care' grandparents focus on helping the child's parent and function closest to societal function of grandparent. Causes for Grandparents Acting as Grandparents According to American Community Survey, 6.1 million grandparents are engaged in parenting activity in respect to their grandchild. 8% of grandchildren lived with their grandparent in the year 2006 in United States. (US Census Bureau, 2006) Grandparent after retiring from parenting activities after their child has settled well, if resumes the parenting job again, it needs a lot of careful thinking on the topic. Grandparents usually accept the task out of natural love and affection towards their grandchildren and would not accept the role of stranger in raising their grandchildren. (www.cornellcares.org) Most of the causes would revolve around the normal parents. Most of the statistics reveal that drug or alcohol abuse among natural parents is the main cause for inviting grandparent to step in and take over the responsibility of raising their grandchildren. It has been reported that in 1998 nearly 44% of youngsters were living with their grandparents because of their parents' substance abuse. And interestingly 28% were victims of child abuse, neglect or improper attention and 11% because of death of their any one or both of the parents. (www.egyptianaaa.org) Various reasons include ill health of their parents, or inability of parents to take the responsibility of their child, divorce, unexpected pregnancy of teen or adult child, etc. The reasons why the grandparents are acting as parents may vary on various factors. Difficulties of Grandparents to raise their child Many researches have been

Personal Development Plan Template Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Development Plan Template - Essay Example I felt that I wanted to be the one who organizes and plans for the department, who thinks of ways on how to improve the service we provide, who devises programs for the personnel, the patients, and the public. I wanted to be the head of the hospital’s respiratory department. But of course, David Beckham did not reach his status in football by just scoring goals. For certain, it required a lot of hardships and training. And though I have already undergone some of my own, there are still skills that I need to develop to reach my goal, especially because I want to also manage the budget distribution of the department. In football, one does not just have a ball being played by his two feet; he has the ball that makes all the others follow, go where they can support the goal he has in mind—the same goal of the whole team. And this is a characteristic of a football player that I have to develop, my leadership and management skills. Although I am very fond of reading management materials, I know that this is not going to be enough to be the head of the respiratory department. So for that, I have made some plans to meet and, hopefully, exceed the expectations of the hospital administration. As I read once in a Reader’s Digest, â€Å"Education is the cure for all insecurities.† After I receive my master’s degree, I plan to take leadership seminars and management seminars here in Australia, which will include proper budget allocation. However, aside from the knowledge and skills I intend to acquire and/or develop, I realize that becoming the head of a hospital department is a great responsibility. And as any football or any other sports legend has done just to achieve their goals, something or some things need to be sacrificed; mine, is putting off being with a woman I will be with all my life. Some things are just worth sacrificing for and some things worth putting off. However, in football, the reality is that not all kicks,

Effect of designation aliens ineligible for citizenship on Asian Research Paper

Effect of designation aliens ineligible for citizenship on Asian Americans before 1952 - Research Paper Example Immigrants to the United States were not always welcome, as they were subjected to a selective practice. America was considered a â€Å"melting pot’ for those who wanted to be assimilated in the American culture. This criteria later on created divisiveness, like those who entered through the Ellis Island were â€Å"whites† and those who passed Angel Island were Asians. Angel Island is a detention camp set up in San Francisco, California, wherein Chinese immigrants were detained for a distressful period of two years. Walter, Yvonne estimated that about 50,000 Chinese passed this island until 1940 for interrogation before they were allowed entry to US. In the Southwest, barbed wires were constructed to control the Mexican and South American immigrants. The composition of these immigrants defined what is called an American today. This composition is an indication of the process of immigration, and naturalization that led to a diverse population of the United States today, Suh-Yun Ahn argued in his work that Americanization is an arbitrary process that chooses only those they wanted to come to their shores. Suh-Yun Ahn recalled that both groups of immigrants had diverse treatments, but their trials were different. Although both groups suffered initial hardship, one group was perpetually called foreigners and identified as ineligible for citizenship. ... The conscious effort to exclude Asians is due to the US’ desire to create white identity, and therefore, considered it as a basic requirement for citizenship. Today, despite diversity of population, we could observe the white supremacy in the society whether through the political arena or in the density of population. But we should not forget the aggregate measures and the constructs that led to this white supremacy. All throughout, the legislations passed by Congress defined who belong, and who did not in an effort to create white identity. The first immigration law in the United States showed an impression of being racist. During the colonization and industrial revolution period, the United States encouraged settlers to America by offering land, work and citizenship. Black slaves and workers from China, Japan, Philippines, and India were brought to the Eastern shores to make up for the shortage of workers in the plantations and to hasten the colonization and industrial revol ution. The discovery of gold in California attracted many Chinese to try their luck. The Chinese were also forced to leave China because of poverty. Although their pay was lower than the whites, they were able to survive, and after being sojourns, later on considered immigration. Thus, in 1790, America had a diverse and ethnic background of people. This prompted the Congress to control immigration and had to pass a legislation that called for â€Å"A uniform standard for naturalization that allowed only white men to become citizens† (Walter, Yvonne,2007). This legislation automatically excluded the Asians and other colored immigrants from becoming citizens of America. By excluding other colored nationals, the law seems to

Concepts of Masculine and Feminine Sexuality

Concepts of Masculine and Feminine Sexuality The Issue of â€Å"The Unspeakable† In The Theoretical and Fictive Representation of Sexuality Khalil Jetha The unspeakable in the theoretical and fictive representation of sexuality traditionally refers to the weakening of masculinity and the empowerment of feminine sexuality. From a theoretical standpoint, the â€Å"unspeakable† is the bending of gender lines, the empowerment of women and the abatement of male dominance. The unspeakable in the fictive representation of sexuality is the destabilization of masculine sexuality and the introduction of femininity in a male psyche. This includes literary methods such as the metaphorical connection of male psyches with the Oedipal Complex, homosexual inclinations and subservience to female characters. Books such as Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality examine the theoretical representation of male and female heterosexuality’s innate connection to homosexuality as the â€Å"unspeakable†. The fictive representation of sexuality demonstrates the unspeakable as the switching of traditional gender roles and the appl ication of sexual foils to personalities as present in Nella Larsen’s Quicksand. Aspects of the unspeakable also translate to racial representation as shown in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye; in order to understand the difference in sexuality’s representation in both theoretical and fictive media, one cannot dismiss race as inherently connected to sexuality. Michel Foucault (1926-1984) widely criticized the traditional, Judeo-Christian perception of sexuality as outdated and inaccurate, widely neglecting several aspects of sexuality. The greatest unspeakable in European society was the notion that sexuality existed outside of a procreative dimension. As society evolved, Foucault argued, it was not the proletariat, lower class traditionally viewed as immoral that wrought the several facets of sexuality on the world. Rather, it was society’s â€Å"bourgeois or aristocratic† families who discovered â€Å"the sexuality of children and adolescents was first problematized [sic], and feminine sexuality medicalized [sic]† (Foucault 1978, p. 120). The changing perception of sexuality in Europe’s upper echelons revealed an unspeakable aspect; namely, that women and children exuded sexual identities independent of the accepted norm of domestication and procreation. The presence of sexuality in women and children lessened the degree of male dominance, hence the â€Å"unspeakable† attribute. The male fear of a loss of influence in society was most pronounced in the upper class, the primary reason high society’s families were â€Å"the first to be alerted to the potential pathology of sex, the urgent need to keep it under close watch and to devise a rational technology of correction†; â€Å"it was this family that first became a locus for the psychiatrization [sic] of sex† (Foucault 1978, p. 120). Patriarchal society’s destabilization was the reason sexuality’s existence in anyone than adult males was so widely reviled. The bourgeois considered sex to be frail, something that ought to be relegated within their society. The bourgeois fear of sexuality outside the male persona branched out, giving way to every unspeakable; more specifically, the unspeakable aspects of sexuality represented theoretically and fictively were based on any threatening idea that would compromise tradition. In what appeared to be a â€Å"struggle against sexuality,† society evolved a strategy to take advantage of the sexualities of â€Å"women, children, and men† by gearing them toward the familial unit most accepted. Female sexuality, though disturbing the procreative process, was given a voice that aimed sexuality and desire for men to coincide with the nuclear family unit. Juvenile sexuality was exploited, encouraged to blossom because its final realization would be the familial, patriarchal household unit (Foucault 1978, p. 105). In History of Sexuality, Foucault asserts that sexuality â€Å"must not be thought of as a kind of natural given which power tries to hold in check, or as an obscure domain which knowledge tries gradually to uncover† (Foucault 1978, p. 105). Sexuality develops independent of society, and each individual’s sexuality will evolve differently. Sexuality, Foucault argues, â€Å"is the name that can be given to an historical construct: not a furtive reality that is difficult to grasp, but a great surface network in which the stimulation of bodies, the intensification of pleasures, the incitement to discourse, the formation of special knowledge, the strengthening of controls and resistances, are linked to one another, in accordance with a few major strategies of knowledge and power† (Foucault 1978, p. 105-106). From a modern theoretical standpoint such as that of Foucault, sexuality is represented primarily as a revolutionary social entity. The traditions of a Judeo-Chr istian ethic system would view sexuality as a divisive manifestation, an animal instinct that should be controlled in men and eliminated from women and children. The unspeakable, from a theoretical standpoint, was its mere existence in women and children; any deviance from accepted models resulted in a compromise of male superiority. There were two primary threats: one was the existence of sexuality that deviated from traditional male sexuality, and the second was the existence of empowering sexuality outside of the male contingent of society. Precedence was always given to procreation; sex was meant only to create life, not to be used for pleasure. The threats to male dominance were clear, even in the queering of sexuality. Change is the most prevalent in the realm of the unspeakable, represented in theoretical sexuality as anything deviant from tradition. Despite the spectre caused by multiple future changes to society, Foucault noted that it was â€Å"worth remembering that the first figure to be invested by the deployment of sexuality, one of the first to be ‘sexualized’ was the ‘idle’ woman† (Foucault 1978, p. 121). The â€Å"idle woman† was one given precedence and favour over her counterparts. She retained the domestic role of her predecessors, and was the accepted female figure within society. In her foil emerged the â€Å"nervous woman,† the woman afflicted with â€Å"vapours†; in this figure, the hysterization of woman found its anchorage point (Foucault 1978, p. 121). Theoretically, the unspeakable in female sexuality was that which strayed from the accepted patriarchal model. The â€Å"nervous woman† was actually the sexually empowered phenomenon of the alpha female. The problem with a sexually empowered female was the psychological impotence of a man who would fal l under her influence. This psychological rendering is roughly equivalent to the metaphoric neutering of man and society. Contrary to the traditional view previously stated, Foucault agrees that the neutering of the genders is potentially dangerous. However, Foucault recognizes the presence of sex in both genders, and also does not hesitate to divide the two into a gender-based dichotomy. He claims that if society failed to recognize the difference in gendered sexualities, it would create â€Å"sexuality without sex,† which effectively amounted to â€Å"castration once again† (Foucault 1978, p. 151). He aims to show how â€Å"deployments of power are directly connected to the body—to bodies, functions, physiological processes, sensations, and pleasures† (Foucault 1978, p.152). The representation of the unspeakable here is countered by Foucault’s assertion that the unspeakable is a necessary part of society. In response to the historical construct of sexuality detailing the â€Å"hysterization [sic]† of women, Foucault defines the unspeakable of sexuality in thre e ways: â€Å"as that which belongs, par excellence, to men, and hence is lacking in women† but â€Å"at the same time, as that which by itself constitutes a woman’s body, ordering it wholly in terms of the functions of reproduction and keeping it in constant agitation through the effects of that very function† (Foucault 1978, p. 153). Representations of the unspeakable in fictive sexuality can also be attributed to race and gender, as evidenced by Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye as well as Nella Larsen’s Quicksand. The Bluest Eye’s protagonists’ encounter with Maureen Peal, a light-skinned black girl whose birth defects were ignored in favour of her fair complexion, demonstrates the phenomena of social racial aesthetics (Morrison 63). Most evident is Maureen’s denigration of the girls Claudia, Frieda and Pecola; Maureen subconsciously defends her birth defects as beauty because she is â€Å"cute [and they are] black and ugly† (Morrison 73). The unspeakable component here is the empowerment of white over black, but upon closer inspection it becomes the sexually empowered girl versus the sexually unwanted others. Maureen’s birth defects would erstwhile render her unwanted by men and therefore a member of the weaker contingent of society. However, the social standard me rits fair complexion over dark, empowering Maureen over Claudia, Frieda, and Pecola. Despite the fact that Maureen is technically a black girl, her proximity to the white race earns her the contempt of girls whose deep desires to be wanted by society represent the unspeakable. Maureen, though vilified in The Bluest Eye, is the least sexually threatening and exudes the least unspeakable characteristics. It is Claudia, Frieda, and Pecola, who in their desire to be pale and possess â€Å"the bluest eye† aspire to have the power that Maureen flouts in front of them. The white race equates with power and masculinity, while the black race is the powerless neuter in the world Toni Morrison portrays. Similarly, Nella Larsen’s Quicksand presents the unspeakable in sexuality with the racial and sexual dilemma of Helga Crane. Aâ€Å" despised mulatto† reviled because she could not be confined to a comfortable social norm, Helga embodies the unspeakable ambiguity traditiona l society feared (Larsen 1994, p. 5). Helga represents the same power standard as the white and black races portrayed by Morrison. If power can be ascribed to sexuality and the standard of male strength over female weakness, then Helga therefore presents to society not just a mulatto, but also a woman on the verge of becoming powerful. Larsen establishes this standard, describing such instances as shocking Helga. Helga, for example, â€Å"[shudders] a little as she recalled some of the statements made by that holy white man of God to the black folk sitting [respectfully] before him† (Larsen 1994, p. 2). Helga’s description in Quicksand is sexually favourable, suggesting the duality of a black woman becoming sexually desirable, crossing the borders established by society. Helga’s attractiveness is described in several colour references, the first description made by the narrator evoking the sentiment that â€Å"an observer would have thought her well fitted to that framing of light and shade† (Larsen 1994, p. 2). Helga is a manifestation of the disconcertment of a woman in a patriarchal society, as she â€Å"could neither conform, nor be happy in her unconformity† (Larsen 1994, p. 7). Not only is Helga unable to accept any stance on her race, she is also hard pressed to find acceptance for her sexual power. The same â€Å"parts of her that she couldn’t be proud of† ironically â€Å"visualized the discomfort of James Vayle† in her â€Å"maladjustment†; she â€Å"had a faint notion that it was behind his ready assent to her sugge stion anent a longer engagement than, originally, they had planned† (Larsen 1994, p. 7). Despite Vayle’s family and their intolerance of Helga’s familial and racial ambiguity, Helga’s fiancà © represents Helga’s exertion of power over a man. With such odds mounted against his union to Helga, the logical assumption would be his abandonment of a relationship. However, Helga’s identity as a black woman with white features empowers her to be desired by him; James cannot let go as he is dominated and has little choice in the matter. Larsen shows James’ powerlessness, describing him as â€Å"liked and approved of† in the town of Naxos, but â€Å"[loathing] the idea that the girl he was to marry couldn’t manage to win liking and approval also† (Larsen 1994, p. 7). Even Helga is cognizant of James’ helplessness, as she knew â€Å"that a something held [James], a something against which he was powerless† (Lar sen 1994, pp. 7-8). The unspeakable factor in sexuality is multi-faceted. While all types of sexuality are different, they are all unspeakable in their common root as threats to heterosexual, male dominance. Theoretical presentation of the unspeakable is largely based on the existence of non-conventional sexualities, while fictive presentations manifest themselves in different media as shown in Morrison and Larsen’s works. Though the scope of so-called sexual deviance is large, the general premise remains the same. BIBLIOGRAPHY Foucault, Michel. (1978) The History of Sexuality: An Introduction. New York: RandomHouse Books. Larsen, Nella and Deborah E. McDowell (ed). (1994) Quicksand and Passing. NewBrunswick: Rutgers U P. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.

My Angels :: Personal Narrative

My Angels It wasn't until I started to write this testimony that I realized that there are two special angels in my life. One in heaven and one on Earth. I had the general reasoning of any teenager: run to your closest friends, boyfriend, girlfriend, family, teachers for solutions to your problems, or for guidance, but that's not always so. Sure, some good friends and family are close enough to relate to, but it's the people that can read your face like a book that I am speaking of. The people that always bring a smile to your face even when you're in your deepest turmoil. These are your angels. Adam has been and always will be my angel. He was my salvation when I was weak, my shoulder to weep on, a joker, and an all around nice guy. If if it weren't for him I probably wouldn't have auditioned for Juilliard a few weeks back. I owe so much to him, but the biggest thanks I could ever give would be his persistent manner in getting me to audition for the drama plays. I have always had a passion for drama but didn't want to pursue it in St. Paul. I was so depressed about leaving all my friends behind at Whittier, that when I came here I didn't even give up---- I just didn't start at all. It wasn't until my first week of school that I met Adam, the boy who smiled from ear to ear... Little did I know that he would be the best friend I would make at St. Paul, and the first to leave me behind. Over the next two years we had gotten incredibly close. We went out for weekends, celebrated his 15th birthday with Andrea and Crystal, and Miguel---his closest friends. We helped ea ch other with our relationship problems, family problems, school mishaps... We were each other's alter egos when we went out. We had a conversation over the Internet a week before he died. He was so mad that I hadn't auditioned for the musical that he forced me to join crew (which a few weeks previous I had). That night we were talking about all these pranks we would play on the cast and crew, and the cast party to be had, and all the fun.

Inequalities and Discrimination of Women In The Workplace

In countries such as Brazil, Bangladesh, Cyprus, Macao, Malaysia, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore, women earn 60 percent less than what men earn (256). Although U. S. figures aren†t as extreme as these, women face discrimination in the workplace. In 1999, women held only 5. 1 percent of top executive management positions, and only 3. 3 percent of companies† highest paid workers were women (256). The term glass ceiling is used to describe the situation in which qualified women aspire to fill high positions but are prevented from doing so by the invisible institutional barriers (256). Discrimination of women in the workplace is a result of men†s power and their reluctance to give up resources and their control over women and can be summed up for women of corporate America by looking at four categories. First, the quality of women†s work tends to be undervalued. Frequently, studies asking participants to assess a piece of work have found that it is evaluated less favorably when said to have been done by a women than when the same piece is attributed to a man (257). Although the tendency to favor a man†s work is not always found, when differences in evaluation are found they tend to favor men. Further, women†s successes tend to be attributed to â€Å"luck†, and competent women are sometimes described as â€Å"unfeminine†. Society†s distrust in women†s abilities results from the stereotypical roles which label women as less assertive and expert than men. A second form of discrimination of women in the work place involves making unjustified assumptions about women†s values. Whereas men are assumed to have values that tend to perpetuate the system, women†s values are assumed to challenge it. Felicia Pratto and her colleagues conducted a study testing the status of the positions for which men and women were most likely to be hired. They found that women were favored to fulfill hierarchy-attenuating jobs (jobs that seek to change the system or improve the lot of people who have been marginalized); men, on the other hand, were favored for the hierarchy-enhancing jobs (which maintain and strengthen the status quo). This was true even when applicants† resumes violated the stereotypes associated with men and women (I. e. men†s career history that indicated they were â€Å"attenuators† and women†s which indicated they were â€Å"enhancers†) (258). The work place is made especially difficult for women with children. Up until the 1970s, pregnancy or the potential for pregnancy was used as a justification for discrimination in the U. S. , allowing employers to routinely force women to leave their jobs or take unpaid leaves (259). Women were even excluded from jobs because they might get pregnant. Looking at current issues, however, the U. S. does not hold any government provision for paid maternity leave for female workers, often causing mothers to bear an economic cost which is not borne by fathers (260). Even when discrimination against mothers is not formal, our culture†s work-family dynamics disproportionately affects women†s careers. Much more women than men have primary responsibility for child care. Working mothers are judged by their community according to how well they parent and work but particularly according to how dedicated they seem to be to parenting. Women, generally, are expected to alter their work commitments when children have problems and are more harshly judged for not doing so (261). A fourth and final aspect of discrimination against women in the U. S. orkplace lies in the notion that they do not have equal right as men to be employed. The U. S. situation is not as extreme as countries such as Russia and China, where many government bureaucrats and factory managers assert to anyone willing to listen that women belong at home, because in the U. S. such public pronouncements are likely to create an explosion of protests. Still, though, the perception that women†s household duties should come before their careers is widespread. Whereas men carry the obligation to earn an income and support their family, the nurturer role is assumed most important for women (260). A review of 21 studies showed that between 16 and 46 percent of the identified lesbians, gays, and bisexuals surveyed reported that they had experienced some form of employment discrimination, as discrimination against individuals of these sexual orientations is legal in most workplaces in the U. S. Also, researchers found that lesbian and bisexual women earn about 13 to 15 percent less than heterosexual women. This is in part because they are more likely to be working in the lowest-paying female-dominated jobs, but it also suggest the impact of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation (261). Understanding the circumstances that promote stereotyping and lead to discrimination of women in the workplace provides some clues as to how an organization could act to reduce them. Companies can make an effort not to isolate women in particular job categories. Company managers can avoid falling into the notion that specific jobs require â€Å"masculine† qualities by examining job-related assumptions. They can base judgments of whether workers should be hired or promoted on clear and concise criteria. Last, they can develop formal guidelines to be modeled and enforced by top-level management about how to avoid discrimination (265).

Funadamental and Technical Analysis of Nifty

Fundamental and Technical Analysis of Equity Market| Name :- Dhwani Shah Enrollment No :- 0901202144| Most people get interested in stocks when everyone else is. The time to get interested is when no one else is. You can’t buy what is popular and do well. – Warren Buffett| A REPORT ON FUNDAMENTAL AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF EQUITY MARKET BY SHAH DHWANI JITENDRA (0901202144) SUBMITTED TO:- Company Guide Mr. Bhavik Shah Advisory Head (Angel Broking Ltd) Faculty Guide Prof. Mayank Patel IBS Ahmedabad A Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the MBA Program of The ICFAI University, Dehradun DATE OF SUBMISSION: 15th May, 2010 Authorization The making of this project report is authorized by Mr Bhavik Shah ( Advisory Head) Angel Broking Ltd, Ahmedabad (India). I also express my honest confirmation in support of the fact that the said â€Å"Report† has neither been used before to fulfill any other purpose nor it will be submitted to any other person or authority in future. The report is submitted only as partial fulfillment of the requirement of the MBA Program of ICFAI University, Dehradun. Acknowledgements This research project has been a very enlightening and rewarding experience for me in an area that is of great personal interest. I would like to acknowledge and express my gratitude to three groups of people who provided generous amounts of support and cooperation during this scholarly endeavour. First, I have benefited greatly from the never-ending patience, guidance, and encouragement from my company guide Mr. Bhavik Shah. He gave me the support and knowledge required to complete this project in a successful manner. Thank you Bhavik sir for your never-ending encouragement and support for my scholarly pursuits. I would also like to thank Mr. Sachin Rajveer for his constant support and help. Second, I would like to thank Prof. Mayank Patel my faculty in-charge for providing me all required support from his side in terms of knowledge and encouragement, for being there whenever I have a question of doubt and to solve the same. Lastly, a Special vote of thanks to Prof. Saji Kumar, Prof. Prashant Saxena and My Parents for solving all the problems I faced in terms of sources required and for giving a constant encouragement and aspire me to go ahead and fulfil my goals. â€Å"Success in investing doesn't correlate with I. Q. once you're above the level of 25†¦ Once you have ordinary intelligence, what you need is the temperament to control the urges that get other people into trouble in investing. † – Warren Buffet Table of Contents Authorization3 Acknowledgements4 Abstract7 Introduction8 Purpose of the Study:8 Limitations of the Study:8 Method of Collecting Data:8 What Is Fundamental Analysis? 9 The Indian Economy:10 The Industries in the Economy:13 Financial Ratios:23 What Is Technical Analysis? 25 ABB. LTD34 ACC LTD. 35 AMBUJA CEMENT36 AXIS BANK LTD. 37 BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD.. 38 BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD. 39 BHARTI AIRTEL LTD. 40 CAIRN LTD. 41 CIPLA LTD. 42 DLF LTD. 3 GAIL (INDIA) LTD. 44 GRASIM INDUSTRIES LTD45 HCL TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 46 HDFC BANK LTD47 HERO HONDA MOTORS LTD. 48 HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LTD. 49 HINDUSTAN UNILEVER LTD. 50 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LTD. 51 ITC LTD. 52 ICICI BANK LTD53 IDEA CELLULAR LTD. 54 INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LTD55 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CO. LTD. 56 JAIPRAK ASH ASSOCIATES LTD. 57 JINDAL STEEL & POWER LTD. 58 LARSEN & TURBO LTD. 59 MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA LTD. 60 MARUTI SUZUKI INDIA LTD. 61 NTPC LTD. 62 OIL & NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD. 63 POWERGRID CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD. 64 PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK65 RANBAXY LABORATORIES LTD. 6 RELIANCE CAPITAL LTD. 67 RELIANCE COMMUNICATION LTD68 RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD. 69 RELIANCE INFRASTRUCTURE LTD. 70 RELIANCE POWER LTD. 71 SIEMENS LTD. 72 STATE BANK OF INDIA73 STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LTD74 STERLITE INDUSTRIES (INDIA) LTD. 75 SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD. 76 SUZLON ENERGY LTD. 77 TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LTD. 78 TATA MOTORS LTD. 79 TATA POWER CO. LTD. 80 TATA STEEL LTD. 81 UNITECH LTD. 82 WIPRO LTD. 83 Recommendations84 Glossary85 References86 Abstract Stock Market the word itself is enough to speak about itself. It works on two emotions carried by individuals in the market greed and fear. Both emotions either lead to profits or losses. Majority of the participants deal into the market in a speculative manner, buying and selling based on, following the herd or market hear say. But remain an aware about the key reason why a particular stock moved up or fell down. If a stock moves suddenly these individuals say â€Å"Operator must have done that† but forget to find out the real reason. The reasons behind the screen for a company’s share prices going up or falling down, which are hidden in its financial performances and past movement history. These facts can be known by the Fundamental and Technical analysis. Therefore, this report is intended to guide these new entrants and the current market movers about Technical and Fundamental Analysis. To show how the same can lead to profit earning investments and not speculative losses. In this report the basics of Fundamental Analysis have been discussed and all the financial key ratios have been given for the Nifty50 for the 10 years time span from fiscal year 2000 to 2009. A brief idea about Industry and the over all economy is also given. On the bases of these Fundamental tools we can get to know the financial position of a company to back this Technical analysis is also been shown. Initially a few patterns of technical analysis have been explained with an example and later how the use of the same can be done to predicts the future price moves and further a few patterns existing in charts for the current time period have been given. Introduction Purpose of the Study: Is the Stock Market a safe option to invest my savings? For how much time horizon should I invest? What amount of returns should I expect? What are the ideal stocks for investment? This report consists of answers to all these questions which rise in an investors mind before entering into the stock market or when an existing investor buys a stock. For this purpose, Fundamental Analysis of Nifty50 is done for which the economic analysis of the Indian economy is done based on the Inflation Rate, GDPFC, Growth Rate and year on year returns of Nifty. Then a brief Industry analysis is done based on the Industrial Ratios and reason behind them. Finally, Company Analysis is done by analysing the Quality of Management, Product Range of the Company; Financial Strength based certain ratios like Price to Earnings Ratio, Dividend Yield, Price to Book Value, Earnings per Share, Market Capitalization and Market Returns. Following it, Japanese Candle Stick charts showing the chart patters of the market price for each of the 50 scrips are given based on the technical analysis tools and techniques. As Fundamental Analysis is only about identifying undervalued stocks or the booming sectors or companies, but it does not say anything about the timings of the unlocking of that undervaluation but its combination with Technical Analysis will give a better picture to the Investor. As the combination of both enables an investor in taking decisions based on Techno-Funda Analysis and find out the right entry and exit points. This project will even help in knowing the economy as Nifty is the barometer for the Indian Economy, through which the growth patterns and cyclical patterns of the various sectors can also be known, through which scrips of midcap and small can also tracked for the same sector. Limitations of the Study: * . Lesser importance is been given to Economic and Industry Analysis. * Views for investment have been given for short term. Method of Collecting Data: Secondary Data is been used in this project report. This Secondary Data is been collected from reliable sources like the Company Sites and the NSE Site for the Company Data and Indian Bullion, Reserve Bank Of India, and Fimmda Sites for the Industry and Economic Data and for Technical Charts i. charts is been used. Detailed information about the sources is been given in referencing. What Is Fundamental Analysis? Fundamental analysis is a method of evaluating  a security  that entails  attempting to measure  its intrinsic value by examining related economic, financial and other qualitative and quantitative factors. Fundamental analysis is an attempt to study everything that can affect the  security's value; including macroeconomic factors (like the overall economy and industry conditions)  and  company-specific factors (like financial condition and management). There are two approaches to Fundamental Analysis Top-Down Approach and a Bottom-Up Approach. * Top-down approach: In this approach, an analyst investigates both international and national economic indicators, such as GDP growth rates, energy prices, inflation and interest rates. The search for the best security then trickles down to the analysis of total sales, price levels and foreign competition in a sector in order to identify the best business in the sector. * Bottom-up approach: In this approach, an analyst starts the search with specific businesses, irrespective of their industry/region. The end  goal of performing fundamental analysis  is to produce a value that an investor  can compare  with the security's current price, with the aim of figuring out what sort of position to take with that security (underpriced=buy, overpriced=  sell or short). Benefits of Fundamental Analysis: * Identifying the intrinsic value of a security. * Identifying long term investment opportunity, as it involves real time data. Drawbacks of Fundamental Analysis: * Too many economic indicators and extensive macroeconomic data can confuse novice investors. * The same set of information on macroeconomic indicators can have varied effects on the same currencies at different times. * It is beneficial only for long term investments. Steps involved in Fundamental Analysis: * Macroeconomic analysis, which involves considering currencies, commodities and indices. Industry sector analysis, which involves the analysis of companies that are a part of the sector. * Financial analysis of the company. Valuation of any security is done through the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, which takes into consideration: * Dividends received by investors. * Earnings or cash flows of a company. * Debt, which is calculated by using the debt to equity ratio and the current ra tio (current assets/current liabilities). The Indian Economy: To understand the Indian Economy firstly we need to understand a few macroeconomic indicators, as macro economy is the environment in which all the firms operate. These indicators suggest the growth and development prospects of an economy as a whole. Given below are the indicators along with a brief description about them and even figures suggesting where the Indian Economy stands as per these indicators. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The India GDP statistics is a summarization of all the differential factors that forms the basic foundation of the Indian economy. The India GDP statistics is a cumulative report of the performance of all the major parameters of the Indian economy. The statistics of the India GDP clearly reveals that the rise of the India GDP after the 1990s was due to the open economy phenomenon. The paradigm shift of Indian economy from that of a closed-market to open market was during the balance-of-payments crisis in the late ‘80s. The Government of India remained flexible – it opened up the Indian markets such that private investments could easily find an entry. GDP calculated at purchaser’s price is the total value calculated by all the domestic producers, adding any product taxes and deducting the subsidies, if any (these elements are excluded from the value of the products). Due to the change in the economic policy of India, more foreign direct investments (FDIs) and foreign institutional investors (FIIs) came into the country. This, in a way, strengthened the foundation the Indian economy the confidence index of overseas investors was at a high. With the stupendous growth of Indian Information Technology sector, Indian service industry and the Indian BPO sector, the Indian GDP shot up to 6% during the period from 1988 to 2003. It was after 2004, that the growth of the gross domestic product of India showed considerable improvements, mainly geared by the growth in the Indian service and manufacturing industry. The Indian GDP figure stood at an extraordinary 8. 5% during the period thereafter. But thereafter, what hit us was the global meltdown and it’s after impacts. India got swayed off; the immediate repercussion fell on the growth pattern of the India economy. The GDP growth rate started getting a setback and from then on it had only experienced a downward pattern. A dramatic improvement might not be expected, but a slow and steady growth path is surely desirable. Inflation: Inflation means a persistent rise in the price levels of commodities and services, leading to a fall in the currency’s purchasing power. Inflation Rate is the measure of inflation over a period of time. Inflation rate is calculated for any time period weekly, monthly or annual. The rising figures show us an increase in the rate of goods and services and a fall in the purchasing power of the consumer with the same level of incomes. Therefore an individual must invest keeping in mind the future rise in prices. Increasing inflation is really bad for retirement planning because the target keeps on getting higher and higher to pay for the same quality of life. In other words, your savings will buy less. As a result, you will need to save more today to pay for higher priced goods and services in the future. Since everything you buy today costs more, so you have less left-over income available to save. Inflation has another effect too, once people start to expect inflation, they will spend now rather than later. That's because they know things will only cost more lately. This consumer spending heats up the economy even more, leading to further inflation. This situation is known as spiraling inflation because it spirals out of control. Inflation is important if you are holding bonds or Treasury notes. These fixed price assets only give a fixed return each year. As inflation spirals faster than the return on these assets, they become less valuable. Price Inflation greatly effects time value of money (TVM). It is a major component of interest rates which are at the heart of all TVM calculations. Actual or anticipated changes in the inflation rate cause corresponding changes in interest rates. Lenders know that inflation will erode the value of their money over the term of the loan so they increase the interest rate to compensate for that loss. Nifty: India is a land of many cultures and languages. Its vibrancy and quest for growth throws up as many questions as it throws up new answers. With globalization people are constantly seeking broader horizon of knowledge and information. How much has the country prospered? How well is the economy doing? Nifty is the platform on which India finds these answers. The Nifty Index is a composite of the top 50 stocks listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). It is a simplified tool that helps investors and ordinary people alike, to understand what is happening in the stock market and by extension, the economy. If the Nifty Index performs well, it is a signal that companies in India are performing well and consequently that the country is doing well. An upbeat economy is usually reflected in a strong performance of the Nifty Index. A rising index is also indicative that the investors are positive about the future. The Nifty Index is based upon solid economic research. It is internationally respected and recognized as a pioneering effort in providing simpler understanding of stock market complexities. Nifty is the flagship index of NSE, the 3rd largest stock exchange in the world in terms of number of transactions (Stock Futures). Nifty has been used to represent S;P CNX Nifty, owned and managed by India Index Services and Products Ltd. (IISL), a joint venture between NSE and CRISIL. * Nifty index can be used by individuals to track market movements and compare performance of individual companies’ vis-a-vis market performance. * Shareholders evaluation of management decisions – performance of a company vis-a-vis the market generally reflects the perception of the investor. * Assist traders and market intermediaries to evaluate performance and sentiments across the market. Index funds can replicate Nifty indices to earn market returns. * Derivative trading – Investors can use Nifty indices for hedging their exposures in the equity markets. Benchmarking NAV performances – Nifty is the benchmark for performance of open ended and close ended funds. Given above, are the annual returns of S;P CNX Nifty. In the fiscal year ‘03-‘04 and ‘05-’06 Nifty has given annual returns of 81. 29% and 67. 13%. In the year ’08-’09 the time of Global Meltdown Nifty showed strength as compared to the global markets(NASDAQ) and showed instant recovery and rose up to 73. 9% in the fiscal year ’09-’10. The Industries in the Economy: IT Industry: The Indian information technology (IT) industry has played a major role in placing India on the international map. The industry is mainly governed by IT software and facilities for instance System Integration, Software experiments, Custom Application Development and Maintenance (CADM), network services and IT Solutions. According to Nasscom's findings Indian IT-BPO industry expanded by 12% during the Fiscal year 2009 and attained aggregate returns of US$ 71. 6 billion. Out of the derived revenue US$ 59. billion was solely earned by the software and services division. Moreover, the industry witnessed an increase of around US$ 7 million in FY 2008-09 i. e. US$ 47. 3 billion against US$ 40. 9 bil lion accrued in FY 2008-09 | IT Outsourcing in India: As per NASSCOM, IT exports in business process outsourcing (BPO) services attained revenues of US$ 48 billion in FY 2008-09 and accounted for more than 77% of the entire software and services income. Over the years India has been the most favorable outsourcing hub for firm on a lookout to offshore their IT operations. The factors behind India being a preferred destination are its reasonably priced labor, favorable business ambiance and availability of expert workforce. Considering its escalating growth, IBM has plans to increase its business process outsourcing (BPO) functions in India besides employing 5,000 workforces to assist its growth. In the next few years, the industry is all set to witness some multi-million dollar agreements namely: * A 5 year agreement between HCL Technologies and News Corp for administering its information centers and IT services in UK. As per the industry analysts, the pact is estimated to be in the range of US$ 200-US$ 250 million * US$ 50 million agreement between HCL Technologies and Meggitt, UK-based security apparatus manufacturer, for offering engineering facilities. * Global giant Wal-Mart has short listed there Indian IT dealers namely Cognizant Technology Solutions, UST Global and Infosys Technologies for a contract worth US$ 600 million. India's domestic IT Market: India's domestic IT Market over the years has become one of the major driving forces of the industry. The domestic IT infrastructure is developing contexts of technology and intensity of penetration. In the FY 2008-09, the domestic IT sector attained revenues worth US$ 24. 3 billion as compared to US$ 23. 1 billion in FY 2007-08, registering a growth of 5. 4%. Moreover, the increasing demand for IT services and goods by India Inc has strengthened the expansion of the domestic market with agreements worth rising up extraordinarily to US$ 100 million. By the FY 2012, the domestic sector is estimated to expand to US$ 1. 7 billion against the existing from US$ 1 billion. Government initiative in India's domestic IT Market: The Indian government has established a National Taskforce on IT with an aim of formatting a durable National IT Policy for India * Endorsement of the IT Act, which offers an authorized structure to assist electronic trade and electronic operations. Major investments in India's domestic IT Market: * According to Andhra Pradesh Government the state's SEZs and Software T echnology Parks of India (STPI) will witness an investment of US$ 3. 27 billion in the next few years. * VMware Inc, San Francisco-based IT firm is looking forward to invest US$ 100 million by 2010 in India. EMC Corporation's total Indian assets is expected to reach US$ 2 billion by 2014 Future of Indian IT Industry: The Indian IT sector persists to be one of the flourishing sectors of Indian financial system indicating a speedy expansion in the coming years. As per NASSCOM, the Indian IT exports are anticipated to attain US$ 175 billion by 2020 out of which the domestic sector will account for US$ 50 billion in earnings. In total the export and domestic IT sector are expected to attain profits amounting to US$ 225 billion along with new prospects from BRIC nations and Japan for its outsourcing operations. Software Industry: It's the technological revolution that at times brings surprising opportunities for some nations. India, though not among the front runners in terms of economic growth, has successfully utilized such opportunities in the revolution to become an IT hotspot. For the past several years, India has been an increasingly favored destination for customized software development. As a result, a number of software companies in India have come up. Not only the number of players has increased in the Indian IT market, but at the same time, Indian software companies have done considerably well in the global market. Such huge success of software companies in India has given birth to a new speculation – whether other developing countries should imitate Indian example and whether the success of India would constitute a competitive challenge to the software industry of the developed world or not. The Software Industry in India: With the huge success of the software companies in India, the Indian software industry in turn has become successful in making a mark in the global arena. This industry has been instrumental in driving the economy of the nation on to a rapid growth curve. As per the study of NASSCOM-Deloitte, the contribution of IT/ITES industry to the GDP of the country has soared up to a share of 5% in 2007 from a mere 1. 2% in 1998. Besides, this industry has also recorded revenue of US$ 64 billion with a growth rate of 33% in the fiscal year ended in 2008. The export of software has also grown up, which has been instrumental in the huge success of the Indian software companies as well as the industry. In fact, software export from India accounts for more than 65% of the total software revenue. The domestic software market largely depends upon sale of software packages and products, which constitute major part of revenues. Products account for almost 40% of the domestic market. On the other hand, more than 80% of revenue from software exports comes from software services like custom software development and consultancy services etc. Reasons behind Success of Indian software companies: There are a number of reasons why the software companies in India have been so successful. Besides the Indian software companies, a number of multinational giants have also plunged into the India IT market. India is the hub of cheap and skilled software professionals, which are available in abundance. It helps the software companies to develop cost-effective business solutions for their clients. As a result, Indian software companies can place their products and services in the global market in the most competitive rate. This is the reason why India has been a favorite destination for outsourcing as well. Many multinational IT giants also have their offshore development centers in India. IT Business Sectors: Most of the software companies in India are into varied types of business. There can be several types of business in the IT sectors: * Infrastructure Software: These include OS, middleware and databases. * Enterprise Software: These automate business process in diverse verticals like finance, sales and marketing, production and logistics. * Security Software * Industry-specific Software * Contract Programming Top Companies in India: There are plenty of software companies in India which have been doing well. However, some of the top Indian software companies can be listed as: * Tata Consultancy Services * Wipro Limited * Infosys * HCL Technologies Tech Mahindra * Patni Computer Systems * i-flex Solutions * MphasiS * L;T Infotech * IBM India Banking Industry: The growth in the Indian Banking Industry has been more qualitative than quantitative and it is expected to remain the same in the coming years, based on the projections made in the â€Å"India Vision 2020† prepared by the Planning Commission and the Draft 10th Plan, the report forecasts that the pace of expansion in the balance-sheets of banks is likely to decelerate. The total assets of all scheduled commercial banks by end-March 2010 are estimated at Rs 40, 90,000 crores. That will comprise about 65 per cent of GDP at current market prices as compared to 67 per cent in 2002-03. Bank assets are expected to grow at an annual composite rate of 13. 4 per cent during the rest of the decade as against the growth rate of 16. 7 per cent that existed between 1994-95 and 2002-03. It is expected that there will be large additions to the capital base and reserves on the liability side. The Indian Banking Industry can be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks constitute of commercial banks and co-operative banks. There are about 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread across India. As far as the present scenario is concerned the Banking Industry in India is going through a transitional phase. The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the base of the Banking sector in India account for more than 78 per cent of the total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks are making tremendous progress. They are leaders in Internet banking, mobile banking, phone banking, ATMs. As far as foreign banks are concerned they are likely to succeed in the Indian Banking Industry. In the Indian Banking Industry some of the Private Sector Banks operating are IDBI Bank, ING Vyasa Bank, SBI Commercial and International Bank Ltd, Bank of Rajasthan Ltd. and banks from the Public Sector include Punjab National bank, Vijaya Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank, Allahabad Bank among others. ANZ Grind lays Bank, ABN-AMRO Bank, American Express Bank Ltd, Citibank are some of the foreign banks operating in the Indian Banking Industry. Cement Industry: The history of the cement industry in India dates back to the 1889 when a Kolkata-based company started manufacturing cement from Argillaceous. But the industry started getting the organized shape in the early 1900s. In 1914, India Cement Company Ltd was established in Porbandar with a capacity of 10,000 tons and production of 1000 installed. The World War I gave the first initial thrust to the cement industry in India and the industry started growing at a fast rate in terms of production, manufacturing units, and installed capacity. This stage was referred to as the Nascent Stage of Indian Cement Industry. In 1927, Concrete Association of India was set up to create public awareness on the utility of cement as well as to propagate cement consumption. The cement industry in India saw the price and distribution control system in the year 1956, established to ensure fair price model for consumers as well as manufacturers. Later in 1977, government authorized new manufacturing units (as well as existing units going for capacity enhancement) to put a higher price tag for their products. A couple of year’s later; government introduced a three-tier pricing system with different pricing on cement produced in high, medium and low cost plants. Cement industry, in any country, plays a major role in the growth of the nation. Cement industry in India was under full control and supervision of the government. However, it got relief at a large extent after the economic reform. But government interference, especially in the pricing, is still evident in India. In spite of being the second largest cement producer in the world, India falls in the list of lowest per capita consumption of cement with 125 kg. The reason behind this is the poor rural people who mostly live in mud huts and cannot afford to have the commodity. Despite the fact, the demand and supply of cement in India has grown up. In a fast developing economy like India, there is always large possibility of expansion of cement industry. Cement Production and Growth: Domestic demand plays a major role in the fast growth of cement industry in India. In fact the domestic demand of cement has surpassed the economic growth rate of India. The cement consumption is expected to rise more than 22% by 2009-10 from 2007-08. In cement consumption, the state of Maharashtra leads the table with 12. 18% consumption, followed by Uttar Pradesh. In terms of cement production, Andhra Pradesh leads the list with 14. 72% of production, while Rajasthan remains at second position. The production of cement in India grew at a rate of 9. 1% during 2006-07 against the total production of 147. 8 MT in the previous fiscal year. During April to October 2008-09, the production of cement in India was 101. 04 MT comparing to 95. 05 MT during the same period in the previous year. During October 2009, the total cement production in India was 12. 37 MT compared to a production of 11. 61 MT in the same month in the previous year. The cement companies are also increasing their productions due to the high market demand. The cement companies have seen a net profit growth rate of 85%. With this huge success, the cement industry in India has contributed almost 8% to India's economic development. Technology Up-gradation: Cement industry in India is currently going through a technological change as a lot of up-gradation and assimilation is taking place. Currently, almost 93% of the total capacity is based entirely on the modern dry process, which is considered as more environment-friendly. Only the rest 7% uses old wet and semi-dry process technology. There is also a huge scope of waste heat recovery in the cement plants, which lead to reduction in the emission level and hence improves the environment. Recent Investments in the Indian Cement Industry * In a recent announcement, the second largest cement company in South India, Dalmia Cement declared that it's going to invest more than US$ 652. 6 million in the next 2-3 years to add 10 MT capacities. * Anil Ambani-led Reliance Infrastructure is going to build up cement plants with a total capacity of yearly 20 MT in the next 5 years. For this, the company will invest US$ 2. 1 billion. * India Cements is going to set up 2 thermal power plants in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu at a cost of US$ 104 billion. * Anil Ambani-led Reliance Cementation is also going to set up a 5 MT integrated cement plant in Maharashtra. It will invest US$ 463. 2 million for that. * Jaiprakash Associates Ltd has signed a MoU with Assam Mineral Development Corporation Limited to set up a 2 MT cement plant. The estimated project cost is US$ 221. 36 million. * Rungta Mines (RML) is also planning to invest US$ 123 million for setting up a 1 MT cement plant in Orissa. Automobile Industry: Driving the most luxurious car has been made possible by the stiff competition in the automobile industry in India, with overseas players gathering the same momentum as the domestic participants. Every other day, we have been hearing about some new launches, some low cost cars – all customized in a manner such that the common man is not left behind. In 2009, the automobile industry is expected to see a growth rate of around 9%, with the disclaimer that the auto industry in India has been hit badly by the ongoing global financial crisis. The automobile industry in India happens to be the ninth largest in the world. Following Japan, South Korea and Thailand, in 2009, India emerged as the fourth largest exporter of automobiles. Several Indian automobile manufacturers have spread their operations globally as well, asking for more investments in the Indian automobile sector by the MNCs. The figures show that the automobile sector in India has been growing robustly. The market shares of the different types of vehicles will clearly depict the demand pattern in this sector. Aluminum Industry: Aluminum Industry in India is a highly concentrated industry with the top 5 companies constituting the majority of the country's production. With the growing demand of aluminum in India, the Indian aluminum industry is also growing at an enviable pace. In fact, the production of aluminum in India is currently outpacing the demand. Though India's per capita consumption of aluminum stands too low (under 1 kg) comparing to the per capita consumptions of other countries like US ; Europe (range from 25 to 30 kgs), Japan (15 kgs), Taiwan (10 kgs) and China (3 kgs), the demand is growing gradually. In India, the industries that require aluminum most include power (44%), consumer durables, transportation (10-12%), construction (17%) and packaging etc. The Background: Though the existence of Aluminum was first established in the year 1808, it took almost 46 years to make its production commercially viable. The research work of several years resulted in extracting the aluminum from the ore. Aluminum is third most available element in the earth constituting almost 7. 3% by mass. Currently it is also the second most used metal in the world after steel. Due to the consistent growth of Indian economy at a rate of 8%, the demand for metals, used for various sectors, is also on the higher side. As a result, the Indian aluminum industry is also growing consistently. In FY09, the aluminum industry in India saw a growth of about 9%. The production of aluminum started in India in 1938 when the Aluminum Corporation of India's plant was commissioned. The plant which was set up with a financial and technical collaboration with Alcan, Canada had a capacity of producing 2,500 ton per annum. Hindustan Aluminum Corporation (Hindalco) was set up in UP in the year 1959; it had a capacity of producing 20,000 ton per annum. In 1965, a public sector enterprise Malco which had a capacity of 10,000 ton per annum was commissioned; by 1987, National Aluminum Company (NALCO) was commissioned to produce aluminum. It had a capacity of producing 0. 218 million ton. During the 1970s, the government started regulating and controlling the Indian aluminum industry. Restrictions in entry and price distribution controls were quite common in the Indian aluminum sector. Aluminum Control Order was implemented where the aluminum producers had to sell 50% of their products for electrical usages. However, in 1989, the order was removed as the government decontrolling was revoked. With de-licensing of industry in 1991, the liberal import of technologies and capital goods was started. The liberalization resulted in a growth rate of 12% of the industry, comparing to the growth rate of 6% during the 1980. Aluminum Production in India: India is world's fifth largest aluminum producer with an aluminum production competence of around 2. 7 million tones, accounting almost 5% of the total aluminum production in the world. India is also a huge reservoir of Bauxite with a Bauxite reserve of 3 billion tones. The Production: India lies at the eighth position in the list of leading primary aluminum producers in the world. India saw a significant growth in aluminum production in the past five years. In 2006-07, the production target of aluminum in India laid by the Ministry of Mines, Government of India was 1,153 KT, which was augmented to 1,237 KT in the next year (2007-08). Due to the growing demand from the construction, electrical, automobiles and packaging industry, the production of aluminum also hiked up. In FY 09, the total aluminum production in India was around 1. 35 tones. The Consumption: After a stagnant consumption of primary aluminum in India from the end of 1990s to 2002 (when the consumptions were between 500 – 600 KT), it started rising sharply since 2002. The consumption reached at 1,080 KT in 2006. The consumption of aluminum in India is dominated by the industries like power, infrastructure, and transportation etc. The Major Players: The Indian aluminum industry is dominated by four or five companies that constitute the majority of India's aluminum production. Following are the major players in the Indian aluminum industry: * Hindustan Aluminum Company (HINDALCO): Hindalco is the biggest player in the aluminum industry in India with around 39% of market share. An Aditya Birla Group flagship company, Hindalco has its aluminum plant at Renukoot in Uttar Pradesh. It has various aluminum products with a market share of 42% in primary aluminum, 20% in extrusions 63% in rolled products, 31% in wheels and 44% in foils. * Sterlite Industries: The aluminum business of Sterlite Industries Limited comprises of two Indian aluminum giants – BALCO and MALCO. While BALCO is a partially integrated, MALCO is a fully integrated producer of aluminum. Sterlite has got a market share of around 32%. * National Aluminum Company (NALCO): It is also one of the leading aluminum producers in India. Government of India has a stake of 87. 15% in this company. Its aluminum refinery is located at Damanjodi. It also has a smelter located at Angul, Orissa. Currently, NALCO is concentrating on a capex programme to increase its production from 345,000 tones to 460,000 tones. * Bharat Aluminum Company (BALCO) * MALCO * JINDAL Telecommunications Industry: The Communication Industry in India is one of the rapidly emerging sectors in India and is estimated to surface as the second biggest international telecom market. As per the report carried out by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), Indian communication industry has registered a 3. 5% increase in its total telecom subscribers in December 2009. The sector touched 562. 1 million in its total number of subscribers within a month, against 543. 20 million in November 2009. The growth in communication industry was triggered by an increase in the revenues generated from both landline and mobile facilities. On December 31, 2009 the sector earned the revenue of USD 8. 56 billion. As per the Business Monitor International report, the nation is all set to include 8 to 10 million cellular phone subscribers on monthly basis. At this pace the communication industry is expected to encompass more than half of India's population i. e. 612 million cellular phone subscribers by mid 2012. In addition, as per a research carried out by Nokia, the Telecommunications sector is estimated to surface as the biggest driving component in India's GDP with a contribution of about 15. 4% by the FY2014. India as an emerging Value-Added Services Market: As per a research conducted by Stanford University, Indian mobile value-added services (MVAS) are expected to reach USD 2. 74 bn by the FY2010. To benefit from the emerging MVAS market in India, Reliance Telecommunications and Bharti Airtel Limited are all set to introduce online cellular phone applications in Indian retail stores. While Bharti Airtel will offer around 1,250 applications, Reliance Telecommunications' applications will soon be accessible to its GSM customers by Feb 2010. India as an emerging telecom equipment manufacturing Market: The manufacturing of Cellular phone in India is predicted to expand at an annual rate of 28. 3% till the FY 2011 which can be translated as a production of 107 million mobile handsets by 2010. The production would automatically generate profits and is predicted to increase at an annual rate of 26. 6% till 2011, reaching the target of USD13. billion. Chief Investments in the Communication Industry in India: Over the past one decade, the flourishing Indian Communication industry has been successful in drawing the attention of conglomerates that have invested and are willing to invest more in the sector. With the influx of new telecom giants in Indian market, the investments are likely to gain immense momentum: * Investment of USD 6 bn by Vodafone Essar for the next 3 fis cal years in order to expand its list of cellular phone subscribers to 100 million against the existing 40 million. By 2010, Reliance Communications (RCom) is expecting to increase the total number of telecom towers by constructing 56,596 telecom towers and attaining the preset target of 100,000. * Telenor, Norway based telecom giant has purchased 7% of shares in Unitech Wireless and now possesses 67. 25% by bringing in an investment of USD 431. 70 million * Indian government owned telecom player, BSNL will invest USD1. 17 billion in its WiMax scheme * A proposal of foreign direct investment worth USD 660. million by Federal Agency for State Property Management of the Russian Federation has been recently approved by the Indian government. The Agency would be acquiring 20% stake in Sistema-Shyam after bringing in the investment. * A USD 1 billion investment will be brought in by Tata Teleservices in its newly introduced GSM facility Tata DoCoMo. Future of Communication Industry in In dia: Indian Communication Industry has a flourishing future in its value-added services market. The pre-set target of the 11th plan from FY 2007 – 12 is to provide 600 million cellular phone connectivity aided by an investment of USD 74 billion. Moreover, it is estimated that by the FY 2012 the profits generated by Indian Communication Industry will touch USD 55 billion against the current USD 31 billion. Pharma Industry: The pharmaceutical industry in India is among the most highly organized sectors. This industry plays an important role in promoting and sustaining development in the field of global medicine. Due to the presence of low cost manufacturing facilities, educated and skilled manpower and cheap labor force among others, the industry is set to scale new heights in the fields of production, development, manufacturing and research. In 2008, the domestic pharma market in India was expected to be US$ 10. 76 billion and this is likely to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 9. 9 per cent until 2010 and subsequently at 9. 5 per cent till the year 2015. Industry Trends: * The pharma industry generally grows at about 1. 5-1. 6 times the Gross Domestic Product growth * Globally, India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products by volume * The Indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to grow at a rate of 9. 9 % till 2010 and after that 9. 5 % till 2015 * In 2007-08, India exported drugs worth US$7. billion in to the US and Europe followed by Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America * The Indian vaccine market which was worth US$665 million in 2007-08 is growing at a rate of more than 20% * The retail pharmaceutical market in India is expected to cross US$ 12-13 billion by 2012 * The Indian drug and pharmaceuticals segment received foreign direct investment to the tune of US$ 1. 43 billi on from April 2000 to December 2008 Challenges: Every industry has its own sets of advantages and disadvantages under which they have to work; the pharmaceutical industry is no exception to this. Some of the challenges the industry faces are: * Regulatory obstacles * Lack of proper infrastructure. * Lack of qualified professionals * Expensive research equipments * Lack of academic collaboration * Underdeveloped molecular discovery program * Divide between the industry and study curriculum Government Initiatives: The government of India has undertaken several including policy initiatives and tax breaks for the growth of the pharmaceutical business in India. Some of the measures adopted are: * Pharmaceutical units are eligible for weighted tax reduction at 150% for the research and development expenditure obtained. Two new schemes namely, New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative and the Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Research Program have been launched by the Government. * The Government is contemplating the creation of SRV or special purpose vehicles with an insurance cover to be used for funding new drug research * The Department of Pharmaceuticals is mulling the cre ation of drug research facilities which can be used by private companies for research work on rent Pharma Export: In the recent years, despite the slowdown witnessed in the global economy, exports from the pharmaceutical industry in India have shown ood buoyancy in growth. Export has become an important driving force for growth in this industry with more than 50 % revenue coming from the overseas markets. For the financial year 2008-09 the export of drugs is estimated to be $8. 25 billion as per the Pharmaceutical Export Council of India, which is an organization, set up by the Government of India. A survey undertaken by FICCI, the oldest industry chamber in India has predicted 16% growth in the export of India's pharmaceutical growth during 2009-2010. Key Players in the Industry: There are several national and international pharmaceutical companies that operate in India. Most of the country's requirements for pharmaceutical products are met by these companies. Some of them are briefly described below: * Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited is the biggest pharmaceutical manufacturing company in India. The company is ranked at the 8th position among the global generic pharmaceutical companies and has presence in 48 countries including world class manufacturing facilities in 10 countries and serves to customers from over 125 countries. Ranbaxy Laboratories 2009-2010 Q3 Net Profit Results showed a profit of Rs 116. 6 crores as compared to Rs 394. crores deficit, recorded during the corresponding period last fiscal. * Dr. Reddy's Laboratories manufactures and markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals both in India and abroad. The company has 60 active pharmaceutical ingredients to manufacture drugs, critical care products, diagnostic kits and biotechnology products. The company has 6 FDA plants that produce active pharma ingredients and 7 FDA inspected and ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified plants. Dr. Reddy's Q1 FY10 result shows the revenues of the company at Rs. 18,189 million which is up by 21%. During this quarter the company introduced 24 new generic products, applied for 22 new generic product registrations and filed 4 DMFs. * Cipla is an Indian pharmaceutical company renowned for the manufacture of low cost anti AIDS drugs. The company's product range comprises of anthelmintics, oncology, anti-bacterial, cardiovascular drugs, antibiotics, nutritional supplements, anti-ulcerants, anti-asthmatics and corticosteroids. Cipla also offers other services like quality control, engineering, project appraisal, plant supply, consulting, commissioning and know-how transfer, support. For the financial year 2008-09 the company registered an increase of 22% in sales and other income over the previous year. * Nicholas Piramal is the second largest pharmaceutical healthcare company in India. The brands manufactured by the company include Gardenal, Ismo, Stemetil, Rejoint, Supradyn, Phensedyl and Haemaccel. Nicholas Piramal has entered into join ventures and alliances with several international corporations like Cheissi, Italy; IVAX Corp; UK, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Allergan Inc. , USA etc. Glaxo Smithkline (GSK) is a United Kingdom based pharma company; it is the world's second largest pharmaceutical company. The company's portfolio of pharma products consist of central nervous system, respiratory, oncology, vaccines, anti-infectives and gastro-intestinal/metabolic products among others. On November 2009, the FDA had announced that the H1N1 vaccine manufactured by GSK would join the list of the four vaccines approved. * Zydus Cadila also known as Cadila Healthcar e is an Indian pharmaceutical company located in Gujarat. The company's 1QFY2010 results show the net sales at Rs880. cr which is higher than the estimated Rs773cr. The net profit was Rs124. 8cr which was increase of 39%; the increase was on account of higher sales and improvement in the OPM. Financial Ratios: Earnings per Share( EPS): The portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. Earnings per share   serves as an indicator of  a company's profitability. Calculated as : When calculating, it is more accurate to use a  weighted average number of shares outstanding over the reporting term, because the  number of shares outstanding can change over time. An important aspect of EPS that's often ignored is the capital that is required to generate the earnings (net income) in the calculation. Two companies could generate the same EPS number, but one could do so  with  less equity (investment) – that company would be more efficient at using its  capital to generate income and, all other things being equal, would be a â€Å"better† company. Investors also need to be aware of earnings manipulation that will affect the quality of the earnings number. It is important not to rely on any one financial measure, but to use it in conjunction with statement analysis and other measures. Price to Book Value (P/B): A ratio used to compare a stock's market value to its book value. It is calculated by dividing the current closing price of the stock by the latest quarter's book value per share. Also known as the â€Å"price-equity ratio†. Calculated as: A lower  P/B ratio could mean that the stock is undervalued. However, it could also mean that something is fundamentally wrong with the company. As with most ratios, be aware that  this varies   by industry. This ratio also gives some idea of whether you're paying too much for what would be left if the company went bankrupt immediately. Price to Earnings Ratio (P/E): A valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings. Calculated as: For example, if a company is currently trading at Rs. 43. 00 a share and earnings over the last 12 months were Rs 1. 95 per share, the P/E ratio for the stock would be 22. 05 (Rs43/Rs1. 95). In general, a high P/E  suggests that investors are expecting  higher earnings  growth  in the future compared to companies with a  lower P/E. However, the P/E ratio doesn't tell us the whole story by itself. It's usually  more useful to compare the P/E ratios of one  company to other companies in the same industry, to the market in general or against the company's own historical P/E. It would not be useful for investors  using the P/E ratio as a basis for their investment to compare the P/E of a technology company (high P/E) to a utility company (low P/E) as each industry has much different growth prospects. The P/E is sometimes  referred to as the â€Å"multiple†, because it shows how much investors are willing to pay per Re. of earnings. If a company were currently trading at a multiple  (P/E) of 20, the interpretation is that an investor is  willing to pay Rs. 20 for Re. 1 of   current earnings. It is important that investors note  an important  problem that arises with the P/E measure, and to avoid basing a decision on this measure alone. The denominator (earnings) is based on an accounting measure of earnings  that  is susceptible to forms of manipulation, making the  quality of the P/E  only as good as the quality of the underlying earnings number. Dividend Yeild (D. Y): A financial ratio that  shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. In the absence of any capital gains, the dividend yield is the return on investment for a  stock. Dividend yield is calculated as follows: Dividend yield is  a way to measure how much cash flow you are getting for each dollar invested in an equity position. Investors who require a minimum stream of cash flow from their investment portfolio can secure this cash flow by investing in stocks paying relatively high, stable dividend yields. What Is Technical Analysis? Technical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysts do not attempt to measure a security's intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify  patterns that can suggest future activity. Just as there are many investment styles on the fundamental side, there are also many different types of technical traders. Some rely on chart patterns; others use technical indicators and oscillators, and most use some combination of the two. In any case, technical analysts' exclusive use of historical price and volume data is what separates them from their fundamental counterparts. Unlike fundamental analysts, technical analysts don't care whether a stock is undervalued – the only thing that matters is a security's past trading data and what information this data can provide about where the security might move in the future. The field of technical analysis is based on three assumptions: * The market discounts everything. * Price moves in trends. * History tends to repeat itself. The Market Discounts Everything: A major criticism of technical analysis is that it only considers price movement, ignoring the fundamental factors of the company. However, technical analysis assumes that, at any given time, a stock's price reflects everything that has or could affect the company – including fundamental factors. Technical analysts believe that the company's fundamentals, along with broader economic factors and market psychology, are all priced into the stock, removing the need to actually consider these factors separately. This only leaves the analysis of price movement, which technical theory views as a product of the supply and demand for a particular stock in the market. Price Moves in Trends: In technical nalysis, price movements are believed to follow trends. This means that after a trend has been established, the future price movement is more likely to be in the same direction as the trend than to be against it. Most technical trading strategies are based on this assumption. History Tends To Repeat Itself: Another important idea in technical analysis is that history tends to repeat itself, mainly in terms of price movement. The repetitive nature of price movements is attributed to market psychology; in other words, market participants tend to provide a consistent reaction to similar market stimuli over time. Technical analysis uses chart  patterns to analyze market movements and understand trends. Although many of these charts have been used for more than 100 years, they are still believed to be relevant because they illustrate patterns in price movements that often repeat themselves. Although technical analysis and fundamental analysis are seen by many as polar opposites – the oil and water of investing – many market participants have experienced great success by combining the two. For example, some fundamental analysts use technical analysis techniques to figure out the best time to enter into an undervalued security. Oftentimes, this situation occurs when the security is severely oversold. By timing entry into a security, the gains on the investment can be greatly improved. Alternatively, some technical traders might look at fundamentals to add strength to a technical signal. For example, if a sell signal is given through technical patterns and indicators, a technical trader might look to reaffirm his or her decision by looking at some key fundamental data. Oftentimes, having both the fundamentals and technical’s on your side can provide the best-case scenario for a trade. Not Just for Stocks: Technical analysis can be used on any security with historical trading data. This includes stocks, futures and commodities, fixed-income securities, forex, etc. In this tutorial, we'll usually analyze stocks in our examples, but keep in mind that these concepts can be applied to any type of security. In fact, technical analysis is more frequently associated with commodities and forex, where the participants are predominantly traders. Now that the philosophy behind technical analysis is understood, with the help of certain examples let’s see how it really works. Trend: One of the most important concepts in technical analysis is that of trend. The meaning in finance isn't all that different  from the general definition of the term – a trend is really nothing more than the general direction in which a security or market is headed. There are three types of trend: * Uptrends: Higher Highs and Higher Lows * Downtrends: Lower Highs and Lower Lows * Sideways/Horizontal Trends: Little movement up or down in the peaks and troughs Along with these three trend directions, there are three trend classifications. A trend of any direction can be classified as a long-term trend, intermediate trend or a short-term trend. In terms of the stock market, a major trend is generally categorized as one lasting longer than a year. An intermediate trend is considered to last between one and three months and a near-term trend is anything less than a month. A long-term trend is composed of several intermediate trends, which often move against the direction of the major trend. If the major trend is upward and there is a downward correction in price movement followed by a continuation of the uptrend, the correction is considered to be an intermediate trend. The short-term trends are components of both major and intermediate trends. It is important to be able to understand and identify trends so that you can trade with the trend rather than against them. Two important sayings in technical analysis are â€Å"the trend is your friend† and â€Å"don't buck the trend†. Trendline is the tool used to draw trends and even identify the support and resistance. Support and Resistance: Support: The price level through which a stock or market seldom falls. Resistance: The price level that a stock or market seldom surpasses. Once a resistance or support level is broken, its role is reversed. If the price falls below a support level, that level will become resistance. If the price rises above a resistance level, it will often become support. As the price moves past a level of support or resistance, it is thought that supply and demand has shifted, causing the breached level to  reverse its role. For a true reversal to occur, however, it is important that the price make a strong move through either the support or resistance. Support and resistance analysis is an important part of trends because it can be used to make trading decisions and identify when a trend is reversing. For example, if a rader identifies an important level of resistance that has been tested several times but never broken, he or she may decide to take profits as the security moves toward this point because it is unlikely that it will  move past this level. Support and resistance levels both test and confirm trends and need to be monitored by anyone who uses technical analysis. As long as the price o f the share remains between these levels of support and resistance, the trend is likely to continue. It is important to note, however, that a break beyond a level of support or resistance does not always have to be a reversal. For example, if a price moved above the resistance levels of an upward trending channel, the trend has accelerated, not reversed. This means that the price appreciation is expected to be faster than it was in the channel. Being aware of these important support and resistance points should affect the way that you trade a stock. Traders should avoid placing orders at these major points, as the area around them is usually marked by a lot of volatility. If you feel confident about making a trade near a support or resistance level, it is important that you follow this simple rule: do not place orders directly at the support or resistance level. This is because in many cases, the price never actually reaches the whole number, but flirts with it instead. So if you're bullish on a stock that is moving toward an important support level, do not place the trade at the support level. Instead, place it above the support level, but within a few points. On the other hand, if you are placing  stops or short selling, set up your trade price at or below the level of support. Volumes: Volume is simply the number of shares or contracts that trade over a given period of time, usually a day. The higher the volume, the more active the security. To determine the movement of the volume (up or down), chartists look at the volume bars that can usually be found at the bottom of any chart. Volume bars illustrate how many shares have traded per period and show trends in the same way that prices do. Volume is an important aspect of technical analysis because it is used to confirm trends and chart patterns. Any price movement up or down with relatively high volume is seen as a stronger, more relevant move than  a similar move with weak volume. Therefore, if you are looking at a large price movement, you should also examine the volume to see whether it tells the same story. The other use of volume is to confirm chart patterns. Patterns such as head and shoulders, triangles, flags and other price patterns can be confirmed with volume. In most chart patterns, there are several pivotal points that are vital to what the chart is able to convey. Basically, if the volume is not there to confirm the pivotal moments of a chart pattern, the quality of the signal formed by the pattern is weakened. Another important idea in technical analysis is that price is preceded by volume. Volume is closely monitored to form ideas on upcoming trend reversals. If volume is starting to decrease in an uptrend, it is usually a sign that the upward run is about to end. Now that some of the important factors of technical analysis are understood, we can move on to charts, which help to identify trading opportunities in prices movements. Charts: In technical analysis, charts are similar to the charts that you see in any business setting. A chart is simply a graphical representation of a series of prices over a set time frame. For example, a chart may show a stock's price movement over a one-year period, where each point on the graph represents the closing price for each day the stock is traded There are several things that you should be aware of when looking at a chart, as these factors can affect the information that is provided. They include the time scale, the price scale and the price point properties used. The Time Scale: The time scale refers to the range of dates at the bottom of the chart, which can vary from decades to seconds. The most frequently used time scales are intraday, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annually. The shorter the time frame, the more detailed the chart. Each data point can represent the closing price of the period or show the open, the high, the low and the close depending on the chart used. The Price Scale and Price Point Properties: The price scale is on the right-hand side of the chart. It shows a stock's current price and compares it to past data points. This may seem like a simple concept in that the price scale goes from lower prices to higher prices as you move along the scale from the bottom to the top. The problem, however, is in the structure of the scale itself. A  scale can  either be constructed in a linear (arithmetic) or logarithmic way, and both of these options are  available on most charting services. Charts: There are four main types of charts that are used by investors and traders depending on the information that they are seeking and their individual skill levels. The chart types are: the line chart, the bar chart, the candlestick chart and the point and figure chart. Line Chart: The most basic of the four charts is the  line chart because it represents only the closing prices over a set period of time. The line is formed by connecting the clo